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Volume 18
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10.3390/Foods2022-12978
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Abstract

Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Deep Eutectic Solvents to Extract Carotenoids from Orange Peels and Obtain Green Extracts †

by
Adriana Viñas-Ospino
1,*,
Manuela Panić
2,
Ivana Radojčić-Redovniković
2,
Jesús Blesa
1,
Ana Frígola
1,
María José Esteve
1 and
Daniel López-Malo
3
1
Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
2
Laboratory for Cell Culture Technology and Biotransformations, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierotti Street 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
3
Department of Nursery, European University of Valencia, Paseo de La Alameda, 7, 46010 València, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Presented at the 3rd International Electronic Conference on Foods: Food, Microbiome, and Health—A Celebration of the 10th Anniversary of Foods’ Impact on Our Wellbeing, 1–15 October 2022; Available online: https://sciforum.net/event/Foods2022.
Biol. Life Sci. Forum 2022, 18(1), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/Foods2022-12978
Published: 30 September 2022
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Foods: Food, Microbiome, and Health—A Celebration of the 10th Anniversary of Foods’ Impact on Our Wellbeing)
Versions Notes

Abstract

:
Nowadays the food industry is focusing on the reutilization of fruit by-products rich in bioactive compounds such as carotenoids. These valuable ingredients could be extracted to formulate functional food products. Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) are a new generation of solvents that comply with the requirements for green extractions and can successfully replace other organic solvents. The aim of the present study was to select the most promising DES for carotenoid extraction from orange peel (OP) and obtain green extracts with biological activity. In order to reduce time and energy, the software COSMOtherm was used for the screening of 68 DES to provide the optimal solvent for carotenoid extraction. The results from the software were validated experimentally with the most suitable and unsuitable solvents. OP was obtained from orange fruits (Citrus sinensis, Navel cultivar). Three hydrophobic DES were prepared Menthol:Camphor (Me:Cam), Menthol:Eucalyptol (Me:Eu), Lauric Acid:Octanoic acid (C12:C8) and two hydrophilic Proline:Malic acid (Pro:MA) and Choline chloride:Urea (ChChl:U). Extractions were performed with 1 g of milled OP using different DES (1:10 w/v) for 30 min with 50 W of ultrasound power at 45 °C. The obtained extracts were characterized by total carotenoid content (TC), determined spectrophotometrically; the biological activity was evaluated in vitro by an antiproliferative assay in tumor cells (HeLa) using MTS reactive. The extracts obtained with hydrophobic DES showed the highest values of total carotenoids, and no significative difference (p > 0.05) was found between Me:Cam (163.5 ± 1.1 mg/100 gfw), Me:EU (168.7 ± 1.6 mg/100 gfw) and C12:C8 (153.1 ± 7.1 mg/100 gfw). The in vitro assay showed an antiproliferative effect of Me:Cam extract on tumor HeLa cells with 26.7% of cell viability. The whole formulation (DES and bioactive compound) could be included in final products without any additional purifying steps and can enhance the bioactivity of food products.

Supplementary Materials

The presentation material of this work is available online at https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/Foods2022-12978/s1.

Author Contributions

A.V.-O.: investigation, formal analysis and writing-original draft preparation; M.P.: investigation, methodology and formal analysis; I.R.-R.: investigation; J.B.: writing-reviewing and editing; A.F.: writing-reviewing. M.J.E.: conceptualization, supervision and funding acquisition; D.L.-M.: writing-reviewing and editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Innovation (Spain)—State Research Agency (PID-2019-111331RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and by the “Generación Bicentenario” scholarship from the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Peru (PRONABEC). European Union through the European regional development fund, Competitive, ness and Cohesion 2014-2020 (KK.01.1.1.07.0007.) and by the Croatian Science Foundation (Grant No. 7712 and 9550). Agricultural Cooperative Sant Bernat from Carlet, Spain, donated the raw materials.

Institutional Review Board Statement

Not applicable.

Informed Consent Statement

Not applicable.

Data Availability Statement

Not applicable.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Viñas-Ospino, A.; Panić, M.; Radojčić-Redovniković, I.; Blesa, J.; Frígola, A.; Esteve, M.J.; López-Malo, D. Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Deep Eutectic Solvents to Extract Carotenoids from Orange Peels and Obtain Green Extracts. Biol. Life Sci. Forum 2022, 18, 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/Foods2022-12978

AMA Style

Viñas-Ospino A, Panić M, Radojčić-Redovniković I, Blesa J, Frígola A, Esteve MJ, López-Malo D. Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Deep Eutectic Solvents to Extract Carotenoids from Orange Peels and Obtain Green Extracts. Biology and Life Sciences Forum. 2022; 18(1):28. https://doi.org/10.3390/Foods2022-12978

Chicago/Turabian Style

Viñas-Ospino, Adriana, Manuela Panić, Ivana Radojčić-Redovniković, Jesús Blesa, Ana Frígola, María José Esteve, and Daniel López-Malo. 2022. "Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Deep Eutectic Solvents to Extract Carotenoids from Orange Peels and Obtain Green Extracts" Biology and Life Sciences Forum 18, no. 1: 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/Foods2022-12978

APA Style

Viñas-Ospino, A., Panić, M., Radojčić-Redovniković, I., Blesa, J., Frígola, A., Esteve, M. J., & López-Malo, D. (2022). Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Deep Eutectic Solvents to Extract Carotenoids from Orange Peels and Obtain Green Extracts. Biology and Life Sciences Forum, 18(1), 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/Foods2022-12978

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