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Oxygen, Volume 5, Issue 2 (June 2025) – 3 articles

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19 pages, 1762 KiB  
Article
Soybean Reproductive Traits Evaluated in Response to Temperature Stress and Elevated Oxygen; Three Peroxidase Transgenes Reduce Seed Abortion
by Bernard A. Hauser, Ya-Ying Wang, Kenneth J. Boote, Prachee Chaturvedi, Eric S. McLamore and Leon H. Allen, Jr.
Oxygen 2025, 5(2), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/oxygen5020005 (registering DOI) - 27 Apr 2025
Abstract
In a previous Arabidopsis investigation, three ovule-specific cell-wall peroxidases decreased seed abortion rates. These peroxidases were expressed in soybean plants. Because cell wall peroxidases alter extensibility, possible effects on seed size and plant yield were evaluated. Since the effects of these peroxidases in [...] Read more.
In a previous Arabidopsis investigation, three ovule-specific cell-wall peroxidases decreased seed abortion rates. These peroxidases were expressed in soybean plants. Because cell wall peroxidases alter extensibility, possible effects on seed size and plant yield were evaluated. Since the effects of these peroxidases in Arabidopsis were dependent on environmental stress, soybean plants were grown in controlled environment greenhouse rooms under four temperature treatments; the daily temperature averages were 26, 30, 34, and 38 °C. In this experiment in vivo oxygen levels during seed growth were 25-fold below ambient, which could affect peroxidase activities. Consequently, soybeans were grown at atmospheric (21%) and elevated (32%) O2 to evaluate peroxidase activities at higher O2. Chambers were maintained at 700 ppm CO2 in an attempt to minimize photorespiration in elevated O2. Individual seed weight decreased with increasing temperature to zero at 38 °C. In elevated O2 rooms, the oxygen concentration in developing seeds increased, but, due to leaf photorespiration, plant biomass and seed yield decreased. Seed size and shelling percentage declined equally with temperature at both O2 concentrations. Expression of all three cell-wall peroxidases reduced seed abortion; however, that did not increase yields at ambient or elevated O2. While O2 concentration is less than 1% in developing seeds, increased O2 levels in seeds were not beneficial for soybean reproduction. Full article
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13 pages, 2562 KiB  
Article
Morphological and Proteomic Analyses to Reveal Salt-Tolerant Mechanisms in Soybean Seedlings Treated with Titanium-Oxide Nanoparticles
by Pwint Phoo Wai, Hisateru Yamaguchi, Keisuke Hitachi, Kunihiro Tsuchida and Setsuko Komatsu
Oxygen 2025, 5(2), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/oxygen5020004 - 18 Apr 2025
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Abstract
Because soybean is sensitive to salt stress, it is necessary to improve their stress tolerance. Titanium-oxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) enhanced the growth of soybean under salt stress. To elucidate the promotive effects of TiO2 NPs on soybean growth under salt stress, [...] Read more.
Because soybean is sensitive to salt stress, it is necessary to improve their stress tolerance. Titanium-oxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) enhanced the growth of soybean under salt stress. To elucidate the promotive effects of TiO2 NPs on soybean growth under salt stress, a gel-free/label-free proteomic analysis was carried out. The principal component analysis of proteins showed that TiO2 NPs affected proteins in roots grown under salt stress. The differentially changed proteins were associated with protein metabolism and transport in the biological process, the nucleus in the cellular component, and nucleic acid binding activity in the molecular function. Proteins identified with proteomics were verified using immunoblot analysis. The abundance of V-ATPase decreased in soybean under salt stress and increased with additional TiO2 NPs under stress, whereas xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase did not change with any treatment. The abundance of peroxiredoxin increased under salt stress but decreased with additional TiO2 NPs under stress. These results suggest that TiO2 NPs confer salt tolerance in soybean plants at the early growth stage by regulating vacuole transport and reactive oxygen scavenging systems. Full article
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11 pages, 346 KiB  
Review
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Pharyngocutaneous Fistula Following Head and Neck Surgery: A Comprehensive Review and Our Clinical Experience
by Francesca Cascone, Antonio Minni, Marco de Vincentiis, Christian Barbato and Federica Zoccali
Oxygen 2025, 5(2), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/oxygen5020003 - 28 Mar 2025
Viewed by 191
Abstract
Pharyngocutaneous fistulas (PCF) are a common postoperative complication following head and neck surgery, particularly after total laryngectomy. These types of fistulas represent a challenge for both patients and clinicians due to their persistence and resistance to conventional healing methods. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) [...] Read more.
Pharyngocutaneous fistulas (PCF) are a common postoperative complication following head and neck surgery, particularly after total laryngectomy. These types of fistulas represent a challenge for both patients and clinicians due to their persistence and resistance to conventional healing methods. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) has been proposed as an adjunctive treatment to enhance healing and closure of PCF. While many studies report positive outcomes, the results are not universally consistent. This comprehensive review aimed to examine the clinical evidence supporting the efficacy of HBOT in the management of pharyngocutaneous fistulas, focusing on fistula closure rates, infection control, and overall healing improvement. All publications without the restriction of time and published in the English language were included. Searches were performed in the PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Embase databases. Ten articles were included in this review. The evaluation of our clinical experience with this method of treating PCF showed results comparable to those found in the literature and analyzed among the studies reviewed. Several studies indicate that HBOT promotes fistula closure, reduces healing time, and enhances the local immune response, but further investigation is required to optimize protocols and patients’ selections. Full article
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