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Magnetism, Volume 5, Issue 2 (June 2025) – 3 articles

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14 pages, 2243 KiB  
Article
Effect of High-Harmonic Wave-Vector Interactions on the Single-Q Spiral State
by Satoru Hayami
Magnetism 2025, 5(2), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetism5020012 - 28 May 2025
Abstract
We investigate the role of high-harmonic wave-vector interactions, which affect the stability of the single-Q spiral state and often result in the formation of multiple-Q states. By performing simulated annealing for an effective spin model on a two-dimensional square lattice, we [...] Read more.
We investigate the role of high-harmonic wave-vector interactions, which affect the stability of the single-Q spiral state and often result in the formation of multiple-Q states. By performing simulated annealing for an effective spin model on a two-dimensional square lattice, we examine the modulation of the single-Q spiral spin configuration by the high-harmonic wave-vector interaction. As a result, we find that the interactions at particular high-harmonic wave vectors affect the stability of the single-Q spiral state. In particular, the incorporation of interactions at high-harmonic wave vectors formed by the sum of two mutually perpendicular ordering wave vectors can lead to the emergence of three double-Q states and a square skyrmion crystal. The present study unveils the importance of high-harmonic wave-vector interactions in order to realize complicated noncoplanar spin textures. Full article
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12 pages, 498 KiB  
Article
Influence of Magnetic Field on Atrazine Adsorption and Degradation by Ferroxite and Hematite
by Marcos Antônio Sousa, Mateus Aquino Gonçalves, Thais Aparecida Sales, Jessica Boreli dos Reis Lino, Stéfany Gonçalves de Moura, Joaquim Paulo da Silva and Teodorico Castro Ramalho
Magnetism 2025, 5(2), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetism5020011 - 21 May 2025
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Abstract
This study approaches the characterization of Ferroxite and Hematite and the test of their magnetic properties on the degradation and adsorption of Atrazine, an herbicide of the triazine class. This herbicide was compared with a sample of Ferroxite in the absence of a [...] Read more.
This study approaches the characterization of Ferroxite and Hematite and the test of their magnetic properties on the degradation and adsorption of Atrazine, an herbicide of the triazine class. This herbicide was compared with a sample of Ferroxite in the absence of a magnetic field and with Hematite, a non-magnetic material which should not be attracted by the magnet. In the sample, the Atrazine determination was carried out by Fenton analysis. Preliminary results were satisfactory, gathering a reduction rate up to 85% for Ferroxite in the presence of a magnetic field and 53% for Hematite. The Fenton reaction, however, showed an 87% reduction rate for Ferroxite in the presence of a magnetic field, and 56% for Hematite. These findings have shown that there is a relation between the magnetic field intensity and the adsorption capacity for these materials. Full article
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13 pages, 9500 KiB  
Article
Resilience of LTE-A/5G-NR Links Against Transient Electromagnetic Interference
by Sharzeel Saleem and Mir Lodro
Magnetism 2025, 5(2), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetism5020010 - 22 Apr 2025
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Abstract
This paper presents a comparative analysis of a long-term evolution advanced (LTE-A) and fifth-generation new radio (5G-NR), focusing on the effects of transient electromagnetic interference (EMI) caused by catenary–pantograph contact in a railway environment.A software-defined radio (SDR)-based prototype was developed to evaluate the [...] Read more.
This paper presents a comparative analysis of a long-term evolution advanced (LTE-A) and fifth-generation new radio (5G-NR), focusing on the effects of transient electromagnetic interference (EMI) caused by catenary–pantograph contact in a railway environment.A software-defined radio (SDR)-based prototype was developed to evaluate the performance of LTE-A and 5G-NR links under the influence of transient interference. The results show that both links experience considerable degradation due to interference at different centre frequencies. Performance degradation is proportional to the gain of interference. The measurement results show that both links experience considerable performance degradation in the presence of transient EMI. Full article
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