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Exploring the Interplay of TGF-β and Body Weight in Thyroid Cancer: A Comparative Analysis of Cytokine Levels Before and After Surgery in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer and Obese Patients with Nodular Goiter
- Adam Bednarczyk,
- Grzegorz Kowalski,
- Agata Gawrychowska,
- Joanna Bronikowska,
- Zenon P. Czuba and
- Jacek Gawrychowski
Introduction: Thyroid cancer and obesity are prevalent conditions with significant global health implications. Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is influenced by various molecular pathways, including those involving Transforming Growth Factor-Beta...

