Sustain. Chem., Volume 6, Issue 2 (June 2025) – 7 articles
This review explores the role of physical pretreatment methods in improving the enzymatic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars. Key techniques, such as mechanical comminution, irradiation (ultrasound, microwave, gamma rays, and electron beam), extrusion, and pulsed electric field, are critically analyzed in regards to their mechanisms, energy efficiency, and scalability. Particular emphasis is placed on the structural modifications induced by each method and their impact on hydrolysis performance. By comparing the advantages, limitations, and industrial applicability of each approach, this study provides strategic insights supporting the optimization of pretreatment selection based on biomass characteristics and processing objectives. View this paper
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