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Article

Design and Implementation of an Integrated Framework for Smart City Land Administration and Heritage Protection

by
Dan Alexandru Mitrea
1,
Constantin Viorel Marian
1,*,
Mihaela Iacob
2,3,
Andrei Vasilateanu
1,
Umit Cali
4,5 and
Cristian Alexandru Cazan
6
1
Faculty of Engineering in Foreign Languages, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania
2
Department of History, Philosophy, Sociology and International Relations, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, RO-800008 Galati, Romania
3
Ministry of Culture of Romania, RO-030833 Bucharest, Romania
4
Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science of Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
5
School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
6
Doctoral School on Automatic Control and Computers, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Heritage 2025, 8(12), 510; https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage8120510 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 4 November 2025 / Revised: 29 November 2025 / Accepted: 3 December 2025 / Published: 4 December 2025

Abstract

Smart cities rely on digital infrastructures and utilize data-driven frameworks to enhance quality of life, optimizing public services by promoting transparency in urban and heritage management. Based on the ArchTerr project for archeological heritage protection, this study introduces an integrated framework uniting two components: GIS-based land mapping and blockchain-enabled document management. The system supports urban planning, land administration, and governance by combining spatial intelligence with secure data handling. The GIS module enables precise land mapping using geographic coordinates, facilitating spatial analysis, land use monitoring, and infrastructure planning. The document management system employs blockchain storage functionalities to ensure the immutability, transparency, and traceability of records such as land ownership documents, permits, and regulatory filings. Developed using the Design Science Research methodology, the framework translates abstract principles of data immutability and interoperability into a functional architecture that addresses persistent issues of fragmented datasets, insecure records, and limited institutional accountability and improves scalability, efficiency, and transparency in a variety of urban situations. We explored its implications for policy and governance, illustrating how interdisciplinary technology serves as a basis for transparent, accountable, and resilient urban management. This study advances theoretical understanding of how the convergence of spatial and trust-based technologies can foster geo-trusted governance and contribute to more transparent and resilient heritage management.
Keywords: GIS; blockchain; heritage protection; land administration; smart cities; transparent governance GIS; blockchain; heritage protection; land administration; smart cities; transparent governance

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Mitrea, D.A.; Marian, C.V.; Iacob, M.; Vasilateanu, A.; Cali, U.; Cazan, C.A. Design and Implementation of an Integrated Framework for Smart City Land Administration and Heritage Protection. Heritage 2025, 8, 510. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage8120510

AMA Style

Mitrea DA, Marian CV, Iacob M, Vasilateanu A, Cali U, Cazan CA. Design and Implementation of an Integrated Framework for Smart City Land Administration and Heritage Protection. Heritage. 2025; 8(12):510. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage8120510

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mitrea, Dan Alexandru, Constantin Viorel Marian, Mihaela Iacob, Andrei Vasilateanu, Umit Cali, and Cristian Alexandru Cazan. 2025. "Design and Implementation of an Integrated Framework for Smart City Land Administration and Heritage Protection" Heritage 8, no. 12: 510. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage8120510

APA Style

Mitrea, D. A., Marian, C. V., Iacob, M., Vasilateanu, A., Cali, U., & Cazan, C. A. (2025). Design and Implementation of an Integrated Framework for Smart City Land Administration and Heritage Protection. Heritage, 8(12), 510. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage8120510

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