Chernobyl’s Lesser Known Design Flaw: The Chernobyl Liquidator Medal—An Educational Essay
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. The Chernobyl Power Station Accident and the Liquidators
1.2. Nuclear Decay Background
2. Analysis
2.1. The Lorentz Force—Charged Particle Dynamics in External Fields
2.2. Relativistic Equations of Motion in a Static, Uniform Magnetic Field
2.3. CLM Trajectory Analysis
2.4. Relativistic Motion of a Charged Particle in a Static Uniform Electric Field
3. Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Isotope | References | Emitted Particle Energy (MeV) | Particle speed (c 1) |
---|---|---|---|
Ba-140 | [15,16] | 0.281 (average), 0.828 (maximum) | 0.764c, 0.924c |
Ce-141 | [15,17,18] | 0.145 (average), 0.479 (maximum) | 0.627c, 0.856c |
Ce-144 | [15,19] | 0.082 (average), 0.290 (maximum) | 0.508c, 0.770c |
Cs-134 | [15,18,20] | 0.157 (average), 0.498 (maximum) | 0.644c, 0.862c |
Cs-136 | [15,21,22] | 0.118 (average), 0.396 (maximum) | 0.583c, 0.826c |
Cs-137 | [15,23,24] | 0.188 (average), 0.551 (maximum) | 0.682c, 0.877c |
I-131 | [15,25] | 0.182 (average), 0.578 (maximum) | 0.675c, 0.883c |
I-133 | [15,26,27] | 0.405 (average), 1.140 (maximum) | 0.830c, 0.951c |
Kr-85 | [13,15,28] | 0.251 (average), 0.685 (maximum) | 0.741c, 0.904c |
Mo-99 | [13,15,29] | 0.389 (average), 1.080 (maximum) | 0.823c, 0.947c |
Np-239 | [15,27,30] | 0.118 (average), 0.407 (maximum) | 0.583c, 0.831c |
Ru-103 | [15,31] | 0.064 (average), 0.224 (maximum) | 0.458c, 0.719c |
Ru-106 * | [15,32] | 0.010 (average), 0.039 (maximum) | 0.195c, 0.372c |
Sr-89 | [13,15,33] | 0.585 (average), 1.495 (maximum) | 0.885c, 0.967c |
Sr-90 | [15,23,34] | 0.196 (average), 0.546 (maximum) | 0.691c, 0.875c |
Te-132 | [15,35,36] | 0.067 (average), 0.240 (maximum) | 0.467c, 0.733c |
Xe-133 | [15,26,27] | 0.100 (average), 0.346 (maximum) | 0.549c, 0.803c |
Zr-95 | [15,37] | 0.117 (average), 0.388 (maximum) | 0.581c, 0.823c |
Isotope | Emitted Particle Energy (MeV) | Particle Speed (c 1) |
---|---|---|
Am-241 | 5.479 | 0.0542c |
Cm-242 | 6.101 | 0.0572c |
Pu-238 | 5.487 | 0.0542c |
Pu-239 | 5.236 | 0.0530c |
Pu-240 | 5.155 | 0.0526c |
Pu-242 | 4.892 | 0.0512c |
U-235 | 4.394 | 0.0485c |
U-238 | 4.187 | 0.0474c |
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McIntire, M.; Luczaj, J. Chernobyl’s Lesser Known Design Flaw: The Chernobyl Liquidator Medal—An Educational Essay. J 2019, 2, 340-351. https://doi.org/10.3390/j2030023
McIntire M, Luczaj J. Chernobyl’s Lesser Known Design Flaw: The Chernobyl Liquidator Medal—An Educational Essay. J. 2019; 2(3):340-351. https://doi.org/10.3390/j2030023
Chicago/Turabian StyleMcIntire, Michael, and John Luczaj. 2019. "Chernobyl’s Lesser Known Design Flaw: The Chernobyl Liquidator Medal—An Educational Essay" J 2, no. 3: 340-351. https://doi.org/10.3390/j2030023