Threshold Identification and Damage Characterization of Woven GF/CF Composites under Low-Velocity Impact

Round 1

Reviewer 1 Report

1.    This study seems interesting. The experiments are well presented, and the results have value for practitioners. However, discussion is very limited. The chapter Results and discussion is mainly about results. There is barely any discussion involved.

2.    Figures 1 –Please ass the scale bar.  

3.    Please add some quantitative data regarding in your manuscript.

4.    More explanation for Figure 4.

5.    More explanation for Figure 6.

6.    More explanation for Figure 7.

Some leading works regarding “GF/CF composites” should be discussed in the introduction.
1.Qiao, L.; Yan, X.; Tan, H.; Dong, S.; Ju, G.; Shen, H.; Ren, Z. Mechanical Properties, Melting and Crystallization Behaviors, and Morphology of Carbon Nanotubes/Continuous Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polyethylene Terephthalate Composites. Polymers 2022, 14, 2892.

2.Zhang, J.; Bi, R.; Jiang, S.; Wen, Z.; Luo, C.; Yao, J.; Liu, G.; Chen, C.; Wang, M. Laser Ablation Mechanism and Performance of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Poly Aryl Ether Ketone (PAEK) Composites. Polymers 2022, 14, 2676.

3.Tian, Z.; Zhi, Q.; Feng, X.; Zhang, G.; Li, Y.; Liu, Z. Effect of Preload on the Weld Quality of Ultrasonic Welded Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Nylon 6 Composite. Polymers 2022, 14, 2650.

4.Cheng, T.; Chen, H.; Wei, Q. The Role of Roller Rotation Pattern in the Spreading Process of Polymer/Short-Fiber Composite Powder in Selective Laser Sintering. Polymers 2022, 14, 2345.

5.Al Zahmi, S.; Alhammadi, S.; ElHassan, A.; Ahmed, W. Carbon Fiber/PLA Recycled Composite. Polymers 2022, 14, 2194.

6.Lawrence, B.D., Coatney, M.D., Phillips, F. et al. Evaluation of the mechanical properties and performance cost of additively manufactured continuous glass and carbon fiber composites. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 120, 1135–1147 (2022).

7.Samuel, B.O., Sumaila, M. & Dan-Asabe, B. Manufacturing of a natural fiber/glass fiber hybrid reinforced polymer composite (PxGyEz) for high flexural strength: an optimization approach. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 119, 2077–2088 (2022).

8.Luan, C., Yao, X. & Fu, J. Fabrication and characterization of in situ structural health monitoring hybrid continuous carbon/glass fiber–reinforced thermoplastic composite. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 116, 3207–3215 (2021).

9.i, H., Chen, C., Yi, R. et al. Ultrasonic welding of fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites: a review. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 120, 29–57 (2022).

10.Samuel, B.O., Sumaila, M. & Dan-asabe, B. Modeling and optimization of the manufacturing parameters of a hybrid fiber reinforced polymer composite PxGyEz. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 118, 1441–1452 (2022).

11.Wang, F.; Zhou, Q.; Zhang, Z.; Gu, Y.; Zhang, J.; Jiang, K. Microwave Absorption Properties of Carbon Black-Carbonyl Iron/Polylactic Acid Composite Filament for Fused Deposition Modeling. Materials 2022, 15, 5455.

12.Andrzejewski, J.; Gronikowski, M.; Aniśko, J. A Novel Manufacturing Concept of LCP Fiber-Reinforced GPET-Based Sandwich Structures with an FDM 3D-Printed Core. Materials 2022, 15, 5405.

13.Ramos, D.; Cidrás, J.; Plaza, B.; Moravec, C.; de la Torre, A.; Frövel, M.R.K.; Poyatos, D. Novel Electromagnetic Characterization Methods for New Materials and Structures in Aerospace Platforms. Materials 2022, 15, 5128.

14.Ahmad, J.; González-Lezcano, R.A.; Majdi, A.; Ben Kahla, N.; Deifalla, A.F.; El-Shorbagy, M.A. Glass Fibers Reinforced Concrete: Overview on Mechanical, Durability and Microstructure Analysis. Materials 2022, 15, 5111.

15.Elfarhani, M.; Guesmi, F.; Mkaddem, A.; Ghazali, S.; Rubaiee, S.; Jarraya, A. Thermal Aspects in Edge Trimming of Bio-Filled GFRP: Influence of Fiber Orientation and Silica Sand Filler in Heat Generation. Materials 2022, 15, 4792.

7.    What's the novelty of the research in the paper? Please clarify.

8.    Authors should more clearly emphasize the contribution of this work in relation to the existing solutions in the literature.

9.    What is the main difficulty when applying proposed method? Authors should clearly state the limitations of the proposed method in practical applications.

10.Please show some directions for the future study.

11.The abstract is also not sufficiently informative, concise and clear. No any quantitative results. Please amend it.

12.Conclusions must be comprehensive and not written like a report. Please amend it.

13.Please add the applicability of present work in the conclusion section.

14.Does your paper have industrial applications? If yes, who are the likely users?

15.What is your main contribution to the field?

16.Finally, I would suggest the author to address the questions above in the revision. I am pleased to review the revised manuscript.

Author Response

The authors would like to thank the reviewer for the useful feedback and comments. The changes in the manuscript are highlighted in yellow whilst the response to each comment is reported in the attached document.

Author Response File: Author Response.docx

Reviewer 2 Report

 In this work, experimental data have been collected using woven glass and carbon fibre composites. The results are analysed in terms of force-time and force-displacement curves.

1. The Introduction in the abstract is way too long. Please go straight to the point. It is well understood the effects of impact on composite structures.

2. Every acronym should be discredited at the first time they appear in the text. Table 1: what is RTD?!

3. Why ASTM standards were not followed for carbon fibre composites?

4. Fig 1 is irrelevant, especially Fig1b - it should be deleted.

5. Figure captions should be re-ordered. Fig 1 should be Fig 2 and so on. In addition, nothing useful can be seen on B-scans.

6. Fig 4, impact curves: axes for both plots should have the same limits for comparison purposes.

7. Fig 5: what kind of filter has been used and why?!

8. Figs 7, 8: fitting equations should be shown.

Author Response

The authors would like to thank the reviewer for the useful comments and feedback provided to improve the manuscript. The changes are highlighted in yellow in the manuscript and the response to each of the comment is in the attached document.

Author Response File: Author Response.docx

Round 2

Reviewer 1 Report

Some leading works regarding “GF/CF composites” should be discussed in the introduction.
1.Qiao, L.; Yan, X.; Tan, H.; Dong, S.; Ju, G.; Shen, H.; Ren, Z. Mechanical Properties, Melting and Crystallization Behaviors, and Morphology of Carbon Nanotubes/Continuous Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polyethylene Terephthalate Composites. Polymers 2022, 14, 2892.

2.Zhang, J.; Bi, R.; Jiang, S.; Wen, Z.; Luo, C.; Yao, J.; Liu, G.; Chen, C.; Wang, M. Laser Ablation Mechanism and Performance of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Poly Aryl Ether Ketone (PAEK) Composites. Polymers 2022, 14, 2676.

3.Tian, Z.; Zhi, Q.; Feng, X.; Zhang, G.; Li, Y.; Liu, Z. Effect of Preload on the Weld Quality of Ultrasonic Welded Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Nylon 6 Composite. Polymers 2022, 14, 2650.

4.Cheng, T.; Chen, H.; Wei, Q. The Role of Roller Rotation Pattern in the Spreading Process of Polymer/Short-Fiber Composite Powder in Selective Laser Sintering. Polymers 2022, 14, 2345.

5.Al Zahmi, S.; Alhammadi, S.; ElHassan, A.; Ahmed, W. Carbon Fiber/PLA Recycled Composite. Polymers 2022, 14, 2194.

6.Lawrence, B.D., Coatney, M.D., Phillips, F. et al. Evaluation of the mechanical properties and performance cost of additively manufactured continuous glass and carbon fiber composites. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 120, 1135–1147 (2022).

7.Samuel, B.O., Sumaila, M. & Dan-Asabe, B. Manufacturing of a natural fiber/glass fiber hybrid reinforced polymer composite (PxGyEz) for high flexural strength: an optimization approach. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 119, 2077–2088 (2022).

8.Luan, C., Yao, X. & Fu, J. Fabrication and characterization of in situ structural health monitoring hybrid continuous carbon/glass fiber–reinforced thermoplastic composite. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 116, 3207–3215 (2021).

9.i, H., Chen, C., Yi, R. et al. Ultrasonic welding of fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites: a review. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 120, 29–57 (2022).

10.Samuel, B.O., Sumaila, M. & Dan-asabe, B. Modeling and optimization of the manufacturing parameters of a hybrid fiber reinforced polymer composite PxGyEz. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 118, 1441–1452 (2022).

11.Wang, F.; Zhou, Q.; Zhang, Z.; Gu, Y.; Zhang, J.; Jiang, K. Microwave Absorption Properties of Carbon Black-Carbonyl Iron/Polylactic Acid Composite Filament for Fused Deposition Modeling. Materials 2022, 15, 5455.

12.Andrzejewski, J.; Gronikowski, M.; Aniśko, J. A Novel Manufacturing Concept of LCP Fiber-Reinforced GPET-Based Sandwich Structures with an FDM 3D-Printed Core. Materials 2022, 15, 5405.

13.Ramos, D.; Cidrás, J.; Plaza, B.; Moravec, C.; de la Torre, A.; Frövel, M.R.K.; Poyatos, D. Novel Electromagnetic Characterization Methods for New Materials and Structures in Aerospace Platforms. Materials 2022, 15, 5128.

14.Ahmad, J.; González-Lezcano, R.A.; Majdi, A.; Ben Kahla, N.; Deifalla, A.F.; El-Shorbagy, M.A. Glass Fibers Reinforced Concrete: Overview on Mechanical, Durability and Microstructure Analysis. Materials 2022, 15, 5111.

15.Elfarhani, M.; Guesmi, F.; Mkaddem, A.; Ghazali, S.; Rubaiee, S.; Jarraya, A. Thermal Aspects in Edge Trimming of Bio-Filled GFRP: Influence of Fiber Orientation and Silica Sand Filler in Heat Generation. Materials 2022, 15, 4792.

Author Response

The authors would like to thank the reviewer for the useful list of papers. The focus of our work is on the DTL and the LVI whilst most of the papers suggested are focussing on polymers and joints. We have found them very useful but we do not feel that they would be relevant to this particular work.

We are working on MWCNT in ABS and we have found some of them extremely useful for the literature review.

Reviewer 2 Report

Accept

Author Response

The Authors would like to thank the reviewer who with their suggestions and comments has helped to improve the work and make it publishable. 

Round 3

Reviewer 1 Report

Some leading works regarding “GF/CF composites” should be discussed in the introduction.
1.Qiao, L.; Yan, X.; Tan, H.; Dong, S.; Ju, G.; Shen, H.; Ren, Z. Mechanical Properties, Melting and Crystallization Behaviors, and Morphology of Carbon Nanotubes/Continuous Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polyethylene Terephthalate Composites. Polymers 2022, 14, 2892.

2.Zhang, J.; Bi, R.; Jiang, S.; Wen, Z.; Luo, C.; Yao, J.; Liu, G.; Chen, C.; Wang, M. Laser Ablation Mechanism and Performance of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Poly Aryl Ether Ketone (PAEK) Composites. Polymers 2022, 14, 2676.

3.Tian, Z.; Zhi, Q.; Feng, X.; Zhang, G.; Li, Y.; Liu, Z. Effect of Preload on the Weld Quality of Ultrasonic Welded Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Nylon 6 Composite. Polymers 2022, 14, 2650.

4.Cheng, T.; Chen, H.; Wei, Q. The Role of Roller Rotation Pattern in the Spreading Process of Polymer/Short-Fiber Composite Powder in Selective Laser Sintering. Polymers 2022, 14, 2345.

5.Al Zahmi, S.; Alhammadi, S.; ElHassan, A.; Ahmed, W. Carbon Fiber/PLA Recycled Composite. Polymers 2022, 14, 2194.

6.Lawrence, B.D., Coatney, M.D., Phillips, F. et al. Evaluation of the mechanical properties and performance cost of additively manufactured continuous glass and carbon fiber composites. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 120, 1135–1147 (2022).

7.Samuel, B.O., Sumaila, M. & Dan-Asabe, B. Manufacturing of a natural fiber/glass fiber hybrid reinforced polymer composite (PxGyEz) for high flexural strength: an optimization approach. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 119, 2077–2088 (2022).

8.Luan, C., Yao, X. & Fu, J. Fabrication and characterization of in situ structural health monitoring hybrid continuous carbon/glass fiber–reinforced thermoplastic composite. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 116, 3207–3215 (2021).

9.i, H., Chen, C., Yi, R. et al. Ultrasonic welding of fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites: a review. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 120, 29–57 (2022).

10.Samuel, B.O., Sumaila, M. & Dan-asabe, B. Modeling and optimization of the manufacturing parameters of a hybrid fiber reinforced polymer composite PxGyEz. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 118, 1441–1452 (2022).

11.Wang, F.; Zhou, Q.; Zhang, Z.; Gu, Y.; Zhang, J.; Jiang, K. Microwave Absorption Properties of Carbon Black-Carbonyl Iron/Polylactic Acid Composite Filament for Fused Deposition Modeling. Materials 2022, 15, 5455.

12.Andrzejewski, J.; Gronikowski, M.; Aniśko, J. A Novel Manufacturing Concept of LCP Fiber-Reinforced GPET-Based Sandwich Structures with an FDM 3D-Printed Core. Materials 2022, 15, 5405.

13.Ramos, D.; Cidrás, J.; Plaza, B.; Moravec, C.; de la Torre, A.; Frövel, M.R.K.; Poyatos, D. Novel Electromagnetic Characterization Methods for New Materials and Structures in Aerospace Platforms. Materials 2022, 15, 5128.

14.Ahmad, J.; González-Lezcano, R.A.; Majdi, A.; Ben Kahla, N.; Deifalla, A.F.; El-Shorbagy, M.A. Glass Fibers Reinforced Concrete: Overview on Mechanical, Durability and Microstructure Analysis. Materials 2022, 15, 5111.

15.Elfarhani, M.; Guesmi, F.; Mkaddem, A.; Ghazali, S.; Rubaiee, S.; Jarraya, A. Thermal Aspects in Edge Trimming of Bio-Filled GFRP: Influence of Fiber Orientation and Silica Sand Filler in Heat Generation. Materials 2022, 15, 4792.