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Fermentation
Volume 10
Issue 7
10.3390/fermentation10070362
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Article

Fermented Cultured Wild Ginseng Roots (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) Using Limosilactobacillus fermentum HY7303 Enhances the Intestinal Barrier by Bioconversion of Ginsenosides and Extracellular Vesicle Production

by
Sung-Joon Mo
†,
Eun-Ji Kim
†,
Yun-Ha Lee
,
Soo-Dong Park
,
Jae-Jung Shim
,
Jung-Lyul Lee
and
Jae-Hwan Lee
*
R&BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Republic of Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Fermentation 2024, 10(7), 362; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10070362
Submission received: 28 May 2024 / Revised: 9 July 2024 / Accepted: 14 July 2024 / Published: 17 July 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health and Bioactive Compounds of Fermented Foods and By-Products, 2.0 Version)
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Abstract

Wild ginseng is known to have better pharmacological effects than cultivated ginseng. Additionally, recently developed bioengineering technology has made it possible to produce cultured wild ginseng with the same genetic composition. In this study, we investigated the change in characteristics and the improvement of the intestinal barrier of cultured wild ginseng roots (CWG) and fermented cultured wild ginseng roots (FCWG). First, we screened nine strains of bacteria that are capable of growing on 5-brix CWG medium, and Limosilactobacillus fermentum HY7303 (HY7303) showed the highest growth. Second, changes in the characteristics of CWG due to fermentation using HY7303 showed that pH and total carbohydrates decreased, and reducing sugars increased. The contents of minor ginsenosides (Rg3(s), Rk1, and Rg5) increased. Third, extracellular vesicles (EVs) with a single peak at 493.7 nm were isolated from CWG, and EVs with three peaks at 9.0 nm, 155.6 nm, and 459.0 nm were isolated from FCWG, respectively. Finally, when we treated Caco-2 cells with FCWG and EVs, we confirmed the improvement of intestinal barrier functions, including recovery, permeability, and expression of tight-junction protein genes. In this study, we confirmed the potential pharmacological effects of minor ginsenosides and EVs derived from FCWG. In conclusion, this study suggests that CWG fermentation with HY7303 improves the intestinal barrier by increasing minor ginsenosides and producing EVs.
Keywords: intestinal barrier; cultured wild ginseng root; Limosilactobacillus fermentum; fermentation; ginsenosides; extracellular vesicles intestinal barrier; cultured wild ginseng root; Limosilactobacillus fermentum; fermentation; ginsenosides; extracellular vesicles

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mo, S.-J.; Kim, E.-J.; Lee, Y.-H.; Park, S.-D.; Shim, J.-J.; Lee, J.-L.; Lee, J.-H. Fermented Cultured Wild Ginseng Roots (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) Using Limosilactobacillus fermentum HY7303 Enhances the Intestinal Barrier by Bioconversion of Ginsenosides and Extracellular Vesicle Production. Fermentation 2024, 10, 362. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10070362

AMA Style

Mo S-J, Kim E-J, Lee Y-H, Park S-D, Shim J-J, Lee J-L, Lee J-H. Fermented Cultured Wild Ginseng Roots (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) Using Limosilactobacillus fermentum HY7303 Enhances the Intestinal Barrier by Bioconversion of Ginsenosides and Extracellular Vesicle Production. Fermentation. 2024; 10(7):362. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10070362

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mo, Sung-Joon, Eun-Ji Kim, Yun-Ha Lee, Soo-Dong Park, Jae-Jung Shim, Jung-Lyul Lee, and Jae-Hwan Lee. 2024. "Fermented Cultured Wild Ginseng Roots (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) Using Limosilactobacillus fermentum HY7303 Enhances the Intestinal Barrier by Bioconversion of Ginsenosides and Extracellular Vesicle Production" Fermentation 10, no. 7: 362. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10070362

APA Style

Mo, S.-J., Kim, E.-J., Lee, Y.-H., Park, S.-D., Shim, J.-J., Lee, J.-L., & Lee, J.-H. (2024). Fermented Cultured Wild Ginseng Roots (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) Using Limosilactobacillus fermentum HY7303 Enhances the Intestinal Barrier by Bioconversion of Ginsenosides and Extracellular Vesicle Production. Fermentation, 10(7), 362. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10070362

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