Recent Advances in Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors for Pesticide Detection in Foods
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Systematic Research Methods
2.1. Focus Questions
2.2. Search Strategy and Selection Criteria
- SC1 = biosensor *
- SC2 = pesticide * OR agrochemical *
2.3. Data Extraction
3. Dataset Visual Approaches
3.1. Influence of the Type of Nanomaterial on the Sensitivity of the Biosensor to Pesticides
3.1.1. Gold Nanomaterials (AuNMs)
3.1.2. Silver Nanomaterials (AgNMs)
3.1.3. Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
3.1.4. Graphene and Graphene Oxide (rGO)
3.1.5. Quantum Dots (QDs)
3.1.6. Titanium Nanomaterials (TiNMs)
3.1.7. Hybrid Nanostructures
3.2. Effect of the Transducer Type on the Limit of Detection
3.2.1. Colorimetric Transducer
3.2.2. Electrochemical Transducer
3.2.3. Fluorescence Transducer
3.2.4. Microcantilever-Array Sensor
3.2.5. Piezoelectric Transducer
3.2.6. SERS Transducer
3.3. Biosensors with Contaminant Analysis Devices
3.4. Highlights and Futures Perspectives
3.5. Efficiency of Biosensors in Legislation: MRL, ARfD and LD50
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AChE | Acetylcholinesterase |
AgNMs | Silver nanomaterials |
AgNPs | Silver nanoparticles |
AgNWs | Silver nanowires |
AuNPS | Gold nanoparticles |
AuNMs | Gold nanomaterials |
BChE | Butyrylcholinesterase |
CNTs | Carbon nanotubes |
GCE | Glassy carbon electrode |
LFB | Lateral flow biosensor |
LFI | Lateral flow immunoassay |
LOD | Limit of detection |
M-Cell | Mineralized cell |
MHCS | Mesoporous hollow carbon spheres |
MNPs | Magnetic nanoparticles |
MRL | Maximum residue limit |
MWCNTs | Multi-walled carbon nanotubes |
NMs | Nanomaterials |
NSs | Nanosheets |
SERS | Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering |
SPR | Surface plasmon resonance |
SWCNTs | Single-walled carbon nanotubes |
VNSWCNTs | Vertical nitrogen-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes |
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Inclusion Criteria | Exclusion Criteria |
---|---|
English language | Non-English language articles |
Original research articles | Thesis, review articles, and short communications |
Use of biosensors for pesticide detection | Use of biosensors to detect non-pesticide |
Biosensor application in food matrices | Biosensors not applied in food matrices |
Articles published from 2016 to 2021 | Articles published outside of this timeline |
Nanomaterial | Biorecognition Material | LOD | Pesticide or Pesticide Class | Food Matrix | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AuNPs | AChE | Organophosphorus: 19–77 ng L−1 Methomyl: 81 ng L−1 | 11 Organophosphorus pesticides and Methomyl | Apple and Cabbage | [24] |
AuNPs | AChE | 1.0 nM | Carbamate | Fruit | [25] |
AuNPs | Aptamer | 36 ng L−1 | Chlorpyrifos | Apple and Pak choi | [26] |
AuNPs | Antibody | 70 × 10−3 ng L−1 | Chlorpyrifos | Chinese cabbage and Lettuce | [27] |
AuNPs | Aptamer | 2.48 × 103 ng L−1 | Isocarbophos | Cabbage, Peach and Tea | [28] |
PEDOT-MWCNTs | Antibody | 1 × 10−6 nM | Malathion | Lettuce | [29] |
AuNPs CP-MOF-Fc | Aptamer | 17.18 ng L−1 | Malathion | Cucumber and Long bean | [30] |
AgNPs GQDs | AChE | 17 × 103 ng L−1 | Paraoxon | Apple and Carrot | [31] |
AgNPs | G-DNA | 34 ng L−1 | Organophosphorus | Apple | [32] |
AgNPs | AChE | 4 × 103 ng L−1 | Paraoxon | Chives and Cabbage | [33] |
AgNPs | Aptamer | 5 × 10−4 nM | Malathion | Apple | [34] |
AgNWs | BChE | 212 nM | Paraoxon | Milk | [35] |
Ag@AuNPs | Aptamers | Profenofos: 2.1 ng L−1; Acetamiprid: 4.6 ng L−1 Carbendazim: 6.1 ng L−1 | Profenophos, Carbendazim and Acetamiprid | Rice and Apple | [36] |
Au–Ag NC | BSA | 8.2 nmol L−1 | Methyl parathion | Apple, Cabbage, Spinach and Lettuce | [37] |
AuNRs and MS SiO2 | AChE | Fenthion: 1.3 nM Dichlovos: 5.3 nM | Fenthion and Dichlorvos | Cabbage juice | [38] |
AuNPs and UCNPs | ABA | 0.36 nM | Acetamiprid | Celery leaves and Chinese green tea | [39] |
AuNPs and VNSWCNTs | AChE | Methyl parathion: 3.04 × 10−3 ng L−1 Malathion: 1.96 × 10−3 ng L−1 Chlorpyrifos: 2.06 × 10−3 ng L−1 | Methyl parathion, Malathion and Chlorpyrifos | Cabbage juice | [40] |
Au-Ag NC | AChE | 2.40 × 10−3 nM | Ethyl parathion | Orange and Apple juice | [41] |
MHCS and Fe3O4@MHCS | AChE | MHCS: 14.8 ng L−1 Fe3O4@MHCS: 18.2 ng L−1 | Malathion | Pear | [42] |
PtPd@NCS | AChE | 8.6 × 10−6–7.1 × 10−5 nM | Malathion, Chlorpyrifos and Methyl parathion | Potato and Corn grans | [43] |
QDs-AuNSs | Antibodies | Chlorpyrifos: 730 ng L−1 Diazinon: 6.7 × 103 ng L−1 Malathion: 740 ng L−1 | Chlorpyrifos, Malathion and Diazinon | Maize, Long bean, Cauliflower, Eggplant, Oyster mushroom, Shiitake mushroom, Apple, Orange, Tomato, Blueberry, Spinach, Lettuce and Cabbage | [44] |
PtNPs AuNPs and MNPs | mAbs ssDNA C-ssDNA | 2 ng L−1 | Parathion | Pear, Cabbage and Rice | [45] |
Au@PtNPs MNPs | ssDNAs and mAbs | 2.13 ng kg−1 | Parathion | Rice, Pear, Apple and Cabbage | [46] |
SiO2 and Cr/Au modified layer | Aptamer | 50 nM | Dimethyl-methylphosphonate | Apple juice | [47] |
PDA-AuNPs | Aptamer | 5 × 10−1 ng L−1 | Malathion | Cauliflower and Cabbage | [48] |
AuNPs | AChE | 1.4 × 103 ng L−1 | Paraoxon | Vegetable (not specified) | [49] |
MWCNTs | AChE | 50 ng L−1. | Chlorpyrifos | Cabbage, Rape and Lettuce | [50] |
MWCNTs | AChE | 1 × 10−6 ng L−1 | Malathion | Lettuce | [51] |
MWCNTs | ds-DNA | 0.3 nmol L−1 | Diazinon | Lettuce and Tomato juice | [52] |
MWCNT | AChE | 0.1 nM | Paraoxon | Potato | [53] |
MWCNTs | AChE | 4 × 10−3 nM | Organophosphate | Spinach and Cabbage | [54] |
f-MWCNTs | AChE | 1 ng L−1 | Chlorpyrifos-methyl | Lettuce | [55] |
ZnS:Mn-QDs and MWCNTs | Aptamer | 0.7 nM | Acetamiprid | Cabbage leaves | [56] |
CNT | M-Cell | 3 × 10−6 nmol L−1 | Paraoxon | Spinach juice | [57] |
PB-SWCNTs | AChE | Malathion: 3.11 × 10−4 ng L−1 Metyl parathion: 1.88 × 10−4 ng L−1 | Malathiona and Methyl parathion | Chinese cabbage | [58] |
Fe3O4 and graphene | AChE | 20 ng L−1 | Chlorpyrifos | Cabbage and Spinach | [59] |
TiO2 NP | AChE | 0.23 nM | Dichlorvos | Cabbage juice | [60] |
TiO2NP | Nanoenzymes | Methyl paraoxon: 240 nM Methyl parathion: 260 nM Ethyl paraoxon: 220 nM | Organophosphorus | Lettuce | [61] |
Film titanium with AuNP | Aptamer | 1.3 × 103 ng L−1 | Profenofos | Chinese chives | [62] |
SBA-15 | AChE | Monocrotophos: 2510 ng L−1 Dimethoate: 1500 ng L−1 | Monocrotophs and Dimethoate | Soft drinks | [63] |
WO3/g-C3N4 | Tc-AChE | 3.6 nM | Phosmet | Wheat flour | [8] |
CS-PVA | AChE | 0.2 nM | Pirimiphosmethyl | Olive oil | [64] |
CdTe-QD | AChE and CHOx | Paraoxon: 1.62 × 10−6 nM Dichlorvos: 7.53 × 10−5 nM Malathion: 0.23 nM Triazophos: 1.06 × 10−2 nM | Paraoxon, Dichlorvos, Malathion and Triazophos | Apple and Tomato juice | [65] |
CHIT-IO | Biotinylated DNA | 1 ng L−1 | Malathion | Lettuce leaves | [66] |
rGO/AuNPs | AChE | Malathion: 2.78 × 10−2 ng L−1 Methyl parathion: 2.17 × 10−2 ng L−1 | Malathion and Methyl parathion | Chinese cabbage | [67] |
rGO | AChE | 1.9 nmol L−1 | Carbamate | Tomatoes | [68] |
rGO | Aptamer | 7.12 × 10−5 nM | Acetamiprid | Tea | [69] |
rGO-TEPA-CuNW | AChE | 3.9 × 102 ng L−1 | Malathion | Cabbage and Carrot | [70] |
CS@TiO2-CS/rGO | AChE | 29 nM | Dichlorvos | Cabbage juice | [71] |
ZIF-8 | AChE | 1.70 × 103 ng/L | Paraoxon | Apple and Eggplant | [31] |
MPtPdN | AChE | 1.7 × 10−3 nM | Organophosphate | Cabbage and Cucumber | [72] |
CdTe-QD | AChE | Pirimicarb: 5 × 104 ng L−1 Dichlorvos: 1 × 104 ng L−1 Carbaryl: 1 × 104 ng L−1 | Organophosphorus and Carbamate | Lettuce, Choy and Rice | [73] |
Nanocarriers (Proline- UIO-66) | Candida Rugosa Lipase | 26 nM | Nitrofen | Apricot | [74] |
Pt–Ni(OH)2 and nanosheets | Antibodies and Nitrocellulose membrane | Acetochlor: 6.3 × 102 ng L−1 Fenpropathrin: 2.4 × 102 ng L−1 | Acetochlor and Fenpropathrin | Corn, Sorghum, Soybean, Apple, Orange, Peach, Cabbage, Broccoli, Tomato and Drinking water | [75] |
Ir NRs@CdS QDs | AChE-ChOx biocomposite | 1.67 × 10−3 nM | Organophosphorus | Pakchoi, Cabbage and Lettuce | [76] |
UCNPs | Aptamer | 50 ng⋅L−1 | Carbendazim | Apple, Cucumber and Matcha powder | [77] |
CuO NFs and c-SWCNTs | Oligonucleotides | 70 ng L−1 | Chlorpyrifos | Apple and Cabbage | [78] |
Biosensor-Based | Biorecognition Material | Pesticide or Pesticide Class | Transducer Type | LOD | RSD(%) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DNA | Aptamer | Malathion | Colorimetric | 5 × 10−4 nM | 2.98 | [34] |
DNA | C-ssDNA | Parathion | Colorimetric | 2 ng L−1 | Pear: 5.19 Cabagge: 9.81 Rice: 15.75 | [45] |
Enzyme | Nanozyme | Parathion | Colorimetric | 2.13 ng kg−1 | Rice: 5.59 Pear: 6.09 Apple: 10.18 Cabbage: 10.87 | [46] |
DNA | Aptamer | Isocarbophos | Colorimetric | 2.48 × 10 3 ng L−1 | 2.37–7.13 | [28] |
Antibodies | Antibodies | Acetochlor and Fenpropathrin | Colorimetric | Acetochlor: 6.3 × 102 ng L−1 Fenpropathrin: 2.4 × 102 ng L−1 | 3.30 | [75] |
Enzyme | BChE | Paraoxon | Electrochemical (Amperometric) | 212 nM | - | [35] |
Enzyme | AChE | Paraoxon | Electrochemical (CV) | 4 × 103 ng L−1 | Chinese chives: 2.39 Cabbage: 5.86 | [33] |
Antibodies | BSA | Methyl parathion | Electrochemical (CV) | 8.2 nmol L−1 | 4.7 | [37] |
DNA | Oligonucleotides | Chlorpyrifos | Electrochemical (CV) | 70 ng L−1 | Apple: 2.52 Celery cabbage: 2.25 | [78] |
Enzyme | AChE | Chlorpyrifos | Electrochemical | 20 ng L−1 | Cabbage: 3.86 Spinach: 2.46 | [59] |
Enzyme | AChE | Chlorpyrifos | Electrochemical (CV) | 50 ng L−1 | Cabbage: 4.35 Rape: 2.57 Lettuce: 3.17 | [50] |
Enzyme | AChE | Dichlorvos | Electrochemical (CV and DPV) | 0.23 nM | 7.3 | [60] |
Enzyme | AChE | Malathion | Electrochemical (DPV) | 1 × 10−6 nM | - | [51] |
Enzyme | AChE | Malathion and Methyl parathion | Electrochemical (CV) | Malathion: 3.11 × 10−4 ng L−1 Methyl parathion: 1.88 × 10−4 ng L−1 | 4.59 | [58] |
Enzyme | AChE | Monocrotophos and Dimethoate | Electrochemical (CV) | Monocrotophos 2.51 × 103 ng L−1 Dimethoate 1.50 × 103 ng L−1 | Monocrotophos: 1.05 Dimethoate: 0.95 | [63] |
Enzyme | AChE | Fenthion | Electrochemical (CV and EIS) | 1.3 nM | 11.5 | [38] |
Enzyme | AChE | Chlorpyrifos-methyl | Electrochemical (DPV) | 1 ng L−1 | - | [55] |
DNA | ds-DNA | Diazinon | Electrochemical (EIS) | 0.3 nmol L−1 | - | [52] |
Enzyme | Tc-AChE | Phosmet | Electrochemical (CV and EIS) | 3.6 nM | 2.5 | [8] |
Enzyme | AChE | Malathion | Electrochemical (CV and EIS) | 3.9 × 102 ng L−1 | 2.3 | [70] |
Enzyme | AChE | Pirimiphos methyl | Electrochemical (Amperometric) | 0.2 nM | - | [64] |
Enzyme | AChE and CHOx | Malathion | Electrochemical (DPV) | 1 ng L−1 | - | [66] |
Enzyme | AChE | 11 Organophosphorus pesticides and Methomyl | Electrochemical (DPV and EIS) | Organophosphorus: 19–77 ng L−1 Methomyl: 81 ng L−1 | Trichlorfon: 1.80–8.63 Dichlorvos: 3.21–9.20 | [24] |
Enzyme | Nanoenzyme | Organophosphorus | Electrochemical (DPV) | Methyl paraoxon: 240 nM Methyl parathion: 260 nM Ethyl paraoxon: 220 nM | Methyl paraoxon: 3.41 Methyl parathion: 2.41 Ethyl paraoxon: 2.56 | [61] |
DNA | Aptamer | Chlopyrifos | Electrochemical (CV) | 36 ng L−1 | 2.57–7.08 | [26] |
Enzyme | AChE | Organophosphorus | Electrochemical (CV) | Malathion: 2.78 × 10−2 ng L−1 Methyl parathion: 2.17 × 10−2 ng L−1 | 4.07 | [67] |
Enzyme | AChE | Paraoxon | Electrochemical (CV) | 0.1 nM and 500 nM | - | [53] |
Enzyme | AChE | Paraoxon | Electrochemical (DPV) | 1.4 × 103 ng L−1 | 4.68 | [49] |
Enzyme | AChE | Malathion | Electrochemical (CV and EIS) | 3.9 × 102 ng L−1 | 2.30 | [70] |
Enzyme | AChE | Organophosphorus | Electrochemical (CV and EIS) | 14.8 ng L−1–18.2 ng L−1 | 5.6–7.1 | [42] |
Enzyme | AChE | Carbaryl | Electrochemical (CV) | 1.0 nM | 5.32 | [25] |
Enzyme | AChE | Malathion, Chlorpyrifos and Methyl parathion | Electrochemical (DPV) | 8.6 × 10−6–7.1 × 10−5 nM | 3.31–5.24 | [43] |
Enzyme | AChE | Methyl parathion, Malathion and Chlorpyrifos | Electrochemical (CV, DPV and EIS) | Methyl parathion: 3.04 × 10−3 ng L−1 Malathion: 1.96 × 10−3 ng L−1 Chlorpyrifos: 2.06 × 10−3 ng L−1 | 3.74 | [40] |
Enzyme | AChE | Carbaryl | Electrochemical (CV and EIS) | 1.9 nmol L−1 | - | [68] |
Enzyme | Candida Rugosa Lipase | Nitrofen | Electrochemical (DPV) | 26 nM | 1.75–4.12 | [74] |
Enzyme | AChE-ChOx | Organophosphorus | Electrochemical (CV) | 1.67 × 10−3 nM | 5 | [76] |
Cell | M-Cell | Paraoxon | Electrochemical (DPV) | 3 × 10−6 nmol L−1 | 3.5 | [57] |
Antibodies | Antibody | Chlorpyrifos | Electrochemical (EIS) | 70 × 10−3 ng L−1 | 2.6 | [27] |
Enzyme | AChE | Dichlorvos | Electrochemical (CV and EIS) | 29 nM | 1.44 | [71] |
DNA | Aptamer | Acetamiprid | Electrochemical (CV and EIS) | 7.12 × 10−5 nM | 5.9 | [69] |
Enzyme | AChE | Paraoxon | Electrochemical (CV and EIS) | 4 × 10−3 nM | Spinach: 10.2–96 Cabbage: 3.4–4.1 | [54] |
Enzyme | AChE | Organophosphorus | Electrochemical (DPV) | 1.73 × 10−3 nM | 3.84 and 5.91 | [72] |
DNA | Aptamer | Malathion | Eletrochemical (DPV) | 5 × 10−1 ng L −1 | 1.04–6.14 | [48] |
Enzyme | AChE | Paraoxon | Electrochemical (DPV) | 1.7 × 10 3 ng L−1 | Apple: 3.2–3.7 Eggplant 5.0–4.6 | [31] |
DNA | Aptamer | Malathion | Electrochemical (DPV) | 17.18 ng L−1 | Cucumber: 1.17–1.33 Beans: 0.52–5.90 | [30] |
Antibodies | Antibodies | Malathion | Electrochemical (DPV) | 1 × 10−6 nM | 1.15–3.21 | [29] |
DNA | Aptamer | Cabendazim | Fluorescence | 50 ng L−1 | Apple: 2.02–4.39 Cucumber: 2.90–4.30 Matcha powder: 1.87–3.51 | [77] |
DNA | G-DNA | Organophosphorus | Fluorescence | 34 ng L−1 | Apple: < 2.8 | [61] |
DNA | Aptamer | Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon and Malathion | Fluorescence | Chlorpyrifos: 730 ng L−1 Diazinon: 6.7 × 103 ng L−1 Malathion: 740 ng L−1 | - | [44] |
Enzyme | AChE and CHOx | Paraoxon, Dichlorvos, Malathion and Triazophos | Fluorescence | 1.62 × 10 −6–0.23 nM | 2.23–7.19 | [65] |
DNA | ABA | Acetamiprid | Fluorescence | 0.36 nM | <4.54 | [39] |
Enzyme | AChE | Pirimicarb, Dichlorvos and Carbaryl | Fluorescence | Pirimicarb: 5 × 104 ng L−1 Dichlorvos: 1 × 104 ng L−1 Carbaryl: 1 × 10 4 ng L−1 | - | [73] |
Enzyme | AChE | Ethylparathion | Fluorescence | 2.40 × 10−3 nM | - | [41] |
DNA | Aptamer | Acetamiprid | Fluorescence | 0.7 nM | Cabbage leaves: 1.0–2.1 | [56] |
DNA | Aptamer | Profenofos | Microcantilever | 1.3 × 103 ng L−1 | - | [62] |
DNA | Aptamer | Dimethyl methylphosphonate | Piezoelectric | 50 nM | - | [47] |
DNA | Aptamer | Profenofos, Acetamiprid and Carbendazim | SERS | Profenofos: 2.1 ng L−1 Acetamiprid: 4.6 ng L−1 Carbendazin: 6.1 ng L−1 | - | [36] |
Pesticides | ARfD (mg/kg bw) | ADI (mg/kg) | LD50 (mg/kg) |
---|---|---|---|
Acetamiprid | 0.025 | 0.070 | 146 |
Fenpropathrin | 0.061 | 0.030 | 870 |
Acetochlor | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1929 |
Carbendazim | 0.020 | 0.020 | 15,000 |
Carbaryl | 0.10 | 0.20 | 303 |
Chlorpyrifos | 0.011 | 0.12 | 500 |
Diazinon | 0.00020 | 0.025 | 1160 |
Dichlorvos | 0.10 | 0.0040 | 80 |
Dimethyl-methylphosphonate | - | - | 5000 |
Ethylparathion | 0.0050 | 0.00061 | 2.0 |
Fenthion | 0.0010 | 0.0072 | 190 |
Isocarbophos | - | - | 50 |
Malathion | 0.30 | 0.030 | 1778 |
Methyl parathion | 0.030 | 0.0030 | 3.0 |
Monocrotophos | 0.0020 | 0.00060 | 112 |
Dimethoate | - | 0.013 | 240 |
Nitrofen | - | - | 5000 |
Paraoxon | - | - | 1800 |
Phosmet | 0.045 | 0.010 | 113 |
Pirimicarb | 0.11 | 0.035 | 142 |
Pirimiphos methyl | 0.15 | 0.004 | 1250 |
Profenofos | 1.0 | 0.030 | 450 |
Triazophos | 0.0012 | 0.00020 | 500 |
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Mirres, A.C.d.M.; Silva, B.E.P.d.M.d.; Tessaro, L.; Galvan, D.; Andrade, J.C.d.; Aquino, A.; Joshi, N.; Conte-Junior, C.A. Recent Advances in Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors for Pesticide Detection in Foods. Biosensors 2022, 12, 572. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12080572
Mirres ACdM, Silva BEPdMd, Tessaro L, Galvan D, Andrade JCd, Aquino A, Joshi N, Conte-Junior CA. Recent Advances in Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors for Pesticide Detection in Foods. Biosensors. 2022; 12(8):572. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12080572
Chicago/Turabian StyleMirres, Ana Carolina de Morais, Brenno Enrique Pereira de Matos da Silva, Leticia Tessaro, Diego Galvan, Jelmir Craveiro de Andrade, Adriano Aquino, Nirav Joshi, and Carlos Adam Conte-Junior. 2022. "Recent Advances in Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors for Pesticide Detection in Foods" Biosensors 12, no. 8: 572. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12080572