Kinetic Modeling for Photo-Assisted Penicillin G Degradation of (Mn0.5Zn0.5)[CdxFe2-x]O4 (x ≤ 0.05) Nanospinel Ferrites

Alagha, Omar; Ouerfelli, Noureddine; Kochkar, Hafedh; Almessiere, Munirah A.; Slimani, Yassine; Manikandan, Ayyar; Baykal, Abdulhadi; Mostafa, Ahmed; Zubair, Mukarram; Barghouthi, Mohammad H.

doi:10.3390/nano11040970

Open AccessArticle

Kinetic Modeling for Photo-Assisted Penicillin G Degradation of (Mn_0.5Zn_0.5)[Cd_xFe_2-x]O₄ (x ≤ 0.05) Nanospinel Ferrites

by

Omar Alagha

^1,*

,

Noureddine Ouerfelli

^2,3

,

Hafedh Kochkar

^2,3,

Munirah A. Almessiere

⁴

,

Yassine Slimani

⁴

,

Ayyar Manikandan

⁵

,

Abdulhadi Baykal

⁶,

Ahmed Mostafa

⁷,

Mukarram Zubair

¹

and

Mohammad H. Barghouthi

¹

Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia

²

Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia

³

Basic & Applied Scientific Research Center, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia

⁴

Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia

⁵

Department of Chemistry, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Bharath University, Chennai 600073, India

⁶

Department of Nanomedicine Research, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia

⁷

Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Nanomaterials 2021, 11(4), 970; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11040970

Submission received: 5 March 2021 / Revised: 24 March 2021 / Accepted: 6 April 2021 / Published: 9 April 2021

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Nanomaterials for Removal of New Emerging Pollutants from Water/Wastewater)

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Abstract

Penicillin G is an old and widely used antibiotic. Its persistence in the environment started to appear in many environmental samples and food chains. The removal of these emerging pollutants has been a challenging task for scientists in the last decades. The photocatalytic properties of Cd²⁺ doped Manganese- Zinc NSFs with chemical formula (Mn_0.5Zn_0.5)[Cd_xFe_2−x]O₄ (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) NSFs are herein evaluated. The Manganese- Zinc N.S.F.s nanomaterials were deeply characterized, utilizing UV-Vis (reflectance) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, N₂ adsorption isotherm measurements, and S.E.M., SEM-EDX mapping, and T.E.M. The Kinetic model for the photodegradation of penicillin G (as a model molecule) is investigated using visible light as a source of energy. The kinetic study shows that our results fit well with the modified pseudo-first-order model. The Pen G degradation are 88.73%, 66.65%, 44.70%, 37.62% and 24.68% for x = 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2 and 0.1, respectively, against 14.68% for the free Cd spinel sample. The pseudo-rate constant is bandgap dependent. From the intra-diffusion rate constant (K_d), we developed an intra-diffusion time (τ) model, which decreases exponentially as a function of (x) and mainly shows the existence of three different domains versus cadmium coordination in spinel ferrite samples. Hence, Cadmium’s presence generates spontaneous polarization with a strong opportunity to monitor the charge separation and then open the route to a new generation of “assisted” photocatalysts under visible light.

Keywords: nanoparticles; photodegradation; penicillin; kinetic modeling; mixed spinel ferrites; wastewater; emerging pollutants

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MDPI and ACS Style

Alagha, O.; Ouerfelli, N.; Kochkar, H.; Almessiere, M.A.; Slimani, Y.; Manikandan, A.; Baykal, A.; Mostafa, A.; Zubair, M.; Barghouthi, M.H. Kinetic Modeling for Photo-Assisted Penicillin G Degradation of (Mn_0.5Zn_0.5)[Cd_xFe_2-x]O₄ (x ≤ 0.05) Nanospinel Ferrites. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 970. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11040970

AMA Style

Alagha O, Ouerfelli N, Kochkar H, Almessiere MA, Slimani Y, Manikandan A, Baykal A, Mostafa A, Zubair M, Barghouthi MH. Kinetic Modeling for Photo-Assisted Penicillin G Degradation of (Mn_0.5Zn_0.5)[Cd_xFe_2-x]O₄ (x ≤ 0.05) Nanospinel Ferrites. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11(4):970. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11040970

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alagha, Omar, Noureddine Ouerfelli, Hafedh Kochkar, Munirah A. Almessiere, Yassine Slimani, Ayyar Manikandan, Abdulhadi Baykal, Ahmed Mostafa, Mukarram Zubair, and Mohammad H. Barghouthi. 2021. "Kinetic Modeling for Photo-Assisted Penicillin G Degradation of (Mn_0.5Zn_0.5)[Cd_xFe_2-x]O₄ (x ≤ 0.05) Nanospinel Ferrites" Nanomaterials 11, no. 4: 970. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11040970

APA Style

Alagha, O., Ouerfelli, N., Kochkar, H., Almessiere, M. A., Slimani, Y., Manikandan, A., Baykal, A., Mostafa, A., Zubair, M., & Barghouthi, M. H. (2021). Kinetic Modeling for Photo-Assisted Penicillin G Degradation of (Mn_0.5Zn_0.5)[Cd_xFe_2-x]O₄ (x ≤ 0.05) Nanospinel Ferrites. Nanomaterials, 11(4), 970. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11040970

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Kinetic Modeling for Photo-Assisted Penicillin G Degradation of (Mn_0.5Zn_0.5)[Cd_xFe_2-x]O₄ (x ≤ 0.05) Nanospinel Ferrites

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