First Report of the Marine Benthic Dinoflagellate Bysmatrum subsalsum from Korean Tidal Pools

Park, Joon Sang; Li, Zhun; Kim, Hyun Jung; Kim, Ki Hyun; Lee, Kyun Woo; Youn, Joo Yeon; Kwak, Kyeong Yoon; Shin, Hyeon Ho

doi:10.3390/jmse9060649

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First Report of the Marine Benthic Dinoflagellate Bysmatrum subsalsum from Korean Tidal Pools

by

Joon Sang Park

^1,†,

Zhun Li

^2,†

,

Hyun Jung Kim

^1,3,

Ki Hyun Kim

²,

Kyun Woo Lee

^4,*

,

Joo Yeon Youn

¹,

Kyeong Yoon Kwak

¹ and

Hyeon Ho Shin

^1,*

¹

Library of Marine Samples, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje 53201, Korea

²

Biological Resource Center/Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Korea

³

Department of Oceanography, Pukyong National University, Yongso-ro, Busan 48513, Korea

⁴

Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Korea

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

Joon-Sang Park and Zhun Li contributed equally as co-first authors.

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(6), 649; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060649

Submission received: 17 May 2021 / Revised: 6 June 2021 / Accepted: 8 June 2021 / Published: 12 June 2021

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Taxonomy and Ecology of Marine Algae)

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Abstract

Dense patches were observed in the tidal pools of the southern area of Korea. To clarify the causative organisms, the cells were collected and their morphological features were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, after establishing strains for the cells the molecular phylogeny was inferred with concatenated small subunit (SSU) and large subunit (LSU) rRNA sequences. The cells were characterized by a nucleus in the hypotheca, strong reticulations in thecal plates, the separation of plates 2a and 3a, the tear-shaped apical pore complex, an elongated rectangular 1a plate and the absence of the right sulcal list. The thecal plate formula was Po, X, 4′, 3a, 7″, 6c, 4S, 5′′′, 2′′′′. Based on these morphological features, the cells were identified as Bysmatrum subsalsum. In the culture, the spherical cysts of B. subsalsum without thecal plates were observed. Molecular phylogeny revealed two ribotypes of B. subsalsum are identified; The Korean isolates were nested within the ribotype B consisting of the isolates from China, Malaysia and the French Atlantic, whereas the ribotype A includes only the isolates from the Mediterranean Sea. In the phylogeny, B. subsalsum and B. austrafrum were grouped. This can be supported by the morphological similarity between the two species, indicating that the two species may be conspecific, however B. subsalsum may distinguish from B. austrafrum, because of differences in the types of eyespots reported in previous studies. These findings support the idea that there is cryptic diversity within B. subsalsum.

Keywords: Bysmatrum; cyst; eyespot; morphology; ribotype

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MDPI and ACS Style

Park, J.S.; Li, Z.; Kim, H.J.; Kim, K.H.; Lee, K.W.; Youn, J.Y.; Kwak, K.Y.; Shin, H.H. First Report of the Marine Benthic Dinoflagellate Bysmatrum subsalsum from Korean Tidal Pools. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9, 649. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060649

AMA Style

Park JS, Li Z, Kim HJ, Kim KH, Lee KW, Youn JY, Kwak KY, Shin HH. First Report of the Marine Benthic Dinoflagellate Bysmatrum subsalsum from Korean Tidal Pools. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2021; 9(6):649. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060649

Chicago/Turabian Style

Park, Joon Sang, Zhun Li, Hyun Jung Kim, Ki Hyun Kim, Kyun Woo Lee, Joo Yeon Youn, Kyeong Yoon Kwak, and Hyeon Ho Shin. 2021. "First Report of the Marine Benthic Dinoflagellate Bysmatrum subsalsum from Korean Tidal Pools" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 6: 649. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060649

APA Style

Park, J. S., Li, Z., Kim, H. J., Kim, K. H., Lee, K. W., Youn, J. Y., Kwak, K. Y., & Shin, H. H. (2021). First Report of the Marine Benthic Dinoflagellate Bysmatrum subsalsum from Korean Tidal Pools. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 9(6), 649. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060649

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First Report of the Marine Benthic Dinoflagellate Bysmatrum subsalsum from Korean Tidal Pools

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