Rhizobium and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria Influence the Soil Nutrient Availability, Growth, Yield, and Quality of Soybean
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Setup
2.2. Initial and Post-Harvest Soil Analysis
2.3. Application of Bio-Fertilizer and Chemical Fertilizer
2.4. Data Collection
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Growth Attributes
3.2. Yield and Yield Contributing Characters
3.3. Protein and Oil Content
3.4. Nodulation
3.5. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Content in Post-Harvest Soil and Plant
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Soil Properties | Value |
---|---|
pH | 7.2 |
Soil organic carbon (%) | 0.48 |
Soil organic matter (%) | 0.96 |
Nitrogen (%) | 0.057 |
Available phosphorous (mg kg−1) | 2.83 |
Available potassium (mg kg−1) | 140 |
Available sulphur (mg kg−1) | 11 |
Treatment | Plant Height (cm) | Branch Plant−1 |
---|---|---|
Rhizobium japonicum | ||
R0 | 48.10 c | 4.41 c |
R1 | 53.70 ab | 6.86 ab |
R2 | 56.05 a | 8.18 a |
R3 | 50.20 bc | 6.36 b |
HSD(0.05) Level of significance | 3.83 ** | 1.48 ** |
Pseudomonas striata | ||
P0 | 47.45 c | 4.93 b |
P1 | 52.17 b | 6.92 a |
P2 | 56.43 a | 7.50 a |
HSD(0.05) | 3.00 | 1.16 |
Level of significance | ** | ** |
CV (%) | 5.66 | 17.67 |
Treatment | Leaf Area Index (LAI) | Total Chlorophyll Content (mg g−1 FW) | |
---|---|---|---|
30 DAS | 60 DAS | ||
R0P0 | 0.37 c | 2.00 d | 4.42 e |
R0P1 | 0.38 c | 1.99 d | 5.16 de |
R0P2 | 0.39 bc | 2.17 cd | 5.47 de |
R1P0 | 0.38 c | 2.34 bc | 5.89 cd |
R1P1 | 0.42 abc | 2.60 ab | 6.91 bc |
R1P2 | 0.55 a | 2.69 a | 8.06 ab |
R2P0 | 0.38 c | 2.23 cd | 5.94 cd |
R2P1 | 0.52 ab | 2.73 a | 7.59 ab |
R2P2 | 0.55 a | 2.73 a | 8.39 a |
R3P0 | 0.40 bc | 2.20 cd | 6.24 cd |
R3P1 | 0.45 abc | 2.59 ab | 6.83 bc |
R3P2 | 0.49 abc | 2.60 ab | 7.11 abc |
HSD(0.05) | 0.14 | 0.31 | 1.32 |
Level of significance | * | * | * |
CV (%) | 6.88 | 10.07 | 4.44 |
Treatment | Pod Length (cm) | 100-Seed Weight (g) |
---|---|---|
Rhizobium japonicum | ||
R0 | 3.66 c | 9.71 c |
R1 | 4.55 b | 11.13 b |
R2 | 5.11 a | 11.89 a |
R3 | 4.36 b | 10.84 b |
HSD(0.05) | ** | ** |
Level of significance | 0.28 | 0.58 |
Pseudomonas striata | ||
P0 | 4.03 b | 10.07 c |
P1 | 4.51 a | 11.07 b |
P2 | 4.72 a | 11.54 a |
HSD(0.05) | 0.22 | 0.46 |
Level of significance | ** | ** |
CV (%) | 4.83 | 4.10 |
Treatment | Nodule Dry Weight (mg Plant−1) | Nitrogen Percentage of Nodule (60 DAS) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
30 DAS | 50 DAS | 70 DAS | ||
Rhizobium japonicum | ||||
R0 | 29.82 c | 36.05 d | 31.97 d | 3.54 c |
R1 | 36.01 b | 43.03 c | 39.59 c | 4.46 b |
R2 | 41.79 a | 66.57 a | 61.48 a | 4.93 a |
R3 | 37.08 b | 48.56 b | 44.62 b | 4.72 a |
HSD(0.05) | 2.96 | 3.47 | 3.13 | 0.21 |
Level of significance | ** | ** | ** | ** |
Pseudomonas striata | ||||
P0 | 34.44 b | 46.83 b | 42.93 b | 4.24 b |
P1 | 36.39 ab | 48.45 ab | 44.28 ab | 4.49 a |
P2 | 37.69 a | 50.40 a | 46.05 a | 4.51 a |
HSD(0.05) | 2.32 | 2.72 | 2.45 | 0.16 |
Level of significance | ** | * | * | ** |
CV (%) | 6.29 | 5.50 | 5.41 | 3.62 |
Treatment | Shoot N (%) | Shoot P (%) | Seed P (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Rhizobium japonicum | |||
R0 | 1.48 c | 0.37 | 0.48 c |
R1 | 2.81 b | 0.39 | 0.60 b |
R2 | 3.08 a | 0.39 | 0.66 a |
R3 | 2.93 ab | 0.39 | 0.65 a |
HSD(0.05) | 0.19 | - | 0.05 |
Level of significance | ** | NS | ** |
Pseudomonas striata | |||
P0 | 2.53 | 0.28 c | 0.38 c |
P1 | 2.55 | 0.41 b | 0.67 b |
P2 | 2.65 | 0.47 a | 0.74 a |
HSD(0.05) | - | 0.03 | 0.04 |
Level of significance | NS | ** | ** |
CV(%) | 5.71 | 7.00 | 5.81 |
Treatment | Soil N (%) | Soil Available Phosphorus (mg kg−1) |
---|---|---|
Rhizobium japonicum | ||
R0 | 0.11 d | 3.81 |
R1 | 0.16 c | 3.90 |
R2 | 0.27 a | 4.17 |
R3 | 0.22 b | 3.88 |
HSD(0.05) | 0.02 | - |
Level of significance | ** | NS |
Pseudomonas striata | ||
P0 | 0.18 | 2.88 b |
P1 | 0.19 | 2.99 b |
P2 | 0.20 | 5.94 a |
HSD(0.05) | - | 0.31 |
Level of significance | NS | ** |
CV (%) | 8.06 | 7.69 |
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Shome, S.; Barman, A.; Solaiman, Z.M. Rhizobium and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria Influence the Soil Nutrient Availability, Growth, Yield, and Quality of Soybean. Agriculture 2022, 12, 1136. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12081136
Shome S, Barman A, Solaiman ZM. Rhizobium and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria Influence the Soil Nutrient Availability, Growth, Yield, and Quality of Soybean. Agriculture. 2022; 12(8):1136. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12081136
Chicago/Turabian StyleShome, Swarna, Alak Barman, and Zakaria M. Solaiman. 2022. "Rhizobium and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria Influence the Soil Nutrient Availability, Growth, Yield, and Quality of Soybean" Agriculture 12, no. 8: 1136. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12081136