Oxidized High-Density Lipoprotein Shows a Stepwise Increase as Fibrosis Progresses in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Collection of Clinical Data
2.3. The Assessment of Handgrip Strength
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Characterization of Patients with NAFLD
3.2. Low Conventional Atherosclerotic Lipids Levels in Patients with Advanced Liver Fibrosis
3.3. Stepwise Increase in oxHDL as Liver Fibrosis Progresses
3.4. Association of a Low Handgrip Strength with Increased oxHDL Levels in Patients with Advanced Fibrosis
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | |
---|---|---|---|
FIB-4 | <1.30 | 1.30–2.67 | >2.67 |
NFS | <−1.455 | −1.455–0.675 | >0.675 |
Non-NAFLD | NAFLD | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
n | 32 | 106 | |
Male (%) | 20 (62.5) | 40 (37.7) | 0.015 |
Diabetes mellitus (%) | 0 (0.0) | 47 (44.3) | <0.001 |
Dyslipidemia (%) | 10 (31.3) | 67 (63.2) | 0.005 |
Hypertension (%) | 6 (18.8) | 63 (59.4) | <0.001 |
Obesity (%) | 12 (37.5) | 73 (68.9) | 0.002 |
Smoking (%) | 10 (31.3) | 8 (7.5) | 0.001 |
Liver cirrhosis (%) | 0 (0.0) | 24 (22.6) | <0.001 |
Age (year) | 48.2 ± 7.9 | 58.3 ± 13.6 | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.4 [20.4, 25.8] | 27.2 [23.7, 30.5] | <0.001 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 121 ± 19 | 132 ± 16 | 0.002 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 75 ± 15 | 77 ± 11 | 0.312 |
Platelet (× 104/μL) | 22.4 ± 4.4 | 20.3 ± 7.7 | 0.147 |
AST (U/L) | 22 [18, 24] | 37 [25, 50] | <0.001 |
ALT (U/L) | 20 [15, 25] | 39 ([29, 58] | <0.001 |
γ-GTP (U/L) | 24 [17, 39] | 46 [30, 81] | <0.001 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 4.5 [4.3, 4.7] | 4.3 [4.1, 4.5] | 0.001 |
Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.90 [0.80, 1.10] | 0.85 [0.64, 1.08] | 0.234 |
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 96 [93, 102] | 106 [98, 126] | <0.001 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.6 [5.4, 5.8] | 6.1 [5.8, 6.8] | <0.001 |
FIB-4 index | 1.05 [0.73, 1.28] | 1.70 [0.96, 3.11] | <0.001 |
NFS | −2.35 [−2.94, −1.94] | −1.03 [−2.56, 0.63] | <0.001 |
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Miura, K.; Arai, N.; Goka, R.; Morimoto, N.; Watanabe, S.; Isoda, N.; Yamamoto, H.; Kotani, K. Oxidized High-Density Lipoprotein Shows a Stepwise Increase as Fibrosis Progresses in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 239. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020239
Miura K, Arai N, Goka R, Morimoto N, Watanabe S, Isoda N, Yamamoto H, Kotani K. Oxidized High-Density Lipoprotein Shows a Stepwise Increase as Fibrosis Progresses in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants. 2021; 10(2):239. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020239
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiura, Kouichi, Naoshi Arai, Rie Goka, Naoki Morimoto, Shunji Watanabe, Norio Isoda, Hironori Yamamoto, and Kazuhiko Kotani. 2021. "Oxidized High-Density Lipoprotein Shows a Stepwise Increase as Fibrosis Progresses in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease" Antioxidants 10, no. 2: 239. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020239
APA StyleMiura, K., Arai, N., Goka, R., Morimoto, N., Watanabe, S., Isoda, N., Yamamoto, H., & Kotani, K. (2021). Oxidized High-Density Lipoprotein Shows a Stepwise Increase as Fibrosis Progresses in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants, 10(2), 239. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020239