Distinct Effects of Acute Aerobic Exercise on Declarative Memory and Procedural Memory Formation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Task and Procedures
2.2.1. Acute Aerobic Exercise
2.2.2. DM Task
2.2.3. PM Task
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Data Analysis
2.4.1. Behavioral Data Processing
2.4.2. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. HR, RPE and RPM during Exercise
3.2. DM
3.2.1. Free Recall Tests
3.2.2. Recognition Test
3.3. PM Task
4. Discussion
4.1. Acute Aerobic Exercise Enhances Primarily DM Encoding
4.2. Acute Aerobic Exercise Enhances Primarily PM Consolidation
4.3. Potential Mechanisms of Distinct Exercise-Induced Effects on Formation of DM and PM
4.4. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Lambourne, K.; Tomporowski, P.D. The Effect of Exercise-Induced Arousal on Cognitive Task Performance: A Meta-Regression Analysis. Brain Res. 2010, 1341, 12–24. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chang, Y.K.; Jeffrey, D.L.; Jennifer, I.G.; Jennifer, L.E. The Effects of Acute Exercise on Cognitive Performance: A Meta-Analysis. Brain Res. 2012, 1453, 87–101. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Coles, K.; Tomporowski, P.D. Effects of Acute Exercise on Executive Processing, Short-Term and Long-Term Memory. Sci. Sports. 2008, 26, 333–344. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Labban, J.D.; Jennifer, L.E. Effects of Acute Exercise on Long-Term Memory. Res. Q. Exerc. Sport 2011, 82, 712–721. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Ogoh, S.; Philip, N.A. Cerebral Blood Flow During Exercise: Mechanisms of Regulation. J. Appl. Physiol. 2009, 107, 1370–1380. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Loprinzi, P.D. Intensity-Specific Effects of Acute Exercise on Human Memory Function: Considerations for the Timing of Exercise and the Type of Memory. Health Promot. Perspect. 2018, 8, 255. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- McGaugh, J.L. The Amygdala Modulates the Consolidation of Memories of Emotionally Arousing Experiences. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2004, 27, 1–28. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Baddeley, A. Working Memory, Thought, and Action; OuP: Oxford, UK, 2007. [Google Scholar]
- Stickgold, R. Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation. Nature 2005, 437, 1272–1278. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ullman, M.T. Contributions of Memory Circuits to Language: The Declarative/Procedural Model. Cognition 2004, 92, 231–270. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Tulving, E. How Many Memory Systems Are There? Am. Psychol. 1985, 40, 385–398. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Duncan, M.; Johnson, A. The Effect of Differing Intensities of Acute Cycling on Preadolescent Academic Achievement. Eur. J. Sport Sci. 2014, 14, 279–286. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Potter, D.; Keeling, D. Effects of Moderate Exercise and Circadian Rhythms on Human Memory. J. Sport Exerc. Psychol. 2005, 27, 117–125. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mang, C.S.; Snow, N.J.; Campbell, K.L.; Ross, C.L.; Boyd, L.A. A Single Bout of High-Intensity Aerobic Exercise Facilitates Response to Paired Associative Stimulation and Promotes Sequence-Specific Implicit Motor Learning. J. Appl. Physiol. 2014, 117, 1325–1336. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Skriver, K.; Roig, M.; Lundbye-Jensen, J.; Pingel, J.; Helge, J.W.; Kiens, B.; Nielsen, J.B. Acute Exercise Improves Motor Memory: Exploring Potential Biomarkers. Neurobiol. Learn. Men. 2014, 116, 46–58. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Roig, M.; Nordbrandt, S.; Geertsen, S.S.; Nielsen, J.B. The Effects of Cardiovascular Exercise on Human Memory: A Review with Meta-Analysis. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2013, 37, 1645–1666. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Labban, J.D. The Effect of Acute Exercise on the Formation of Long-Term Memory; The University of North Carolina: Greensboro, NC, USA, 2012. [Google Scholar]
- Roig, M.; Skriver, K.; Lundbye-Jensen, J.; Kiens, B.; Nielsen, J.B. A Single Bout of Exercise Improves Motor Memory. PLoS ONE 2012, 7, e44594. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Wanner, P.; Cheng, F.; Simon, S. Effects of Acute Cardiovascular Exercise on Motor Memory Encoding and Consolidation: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2020, 116, 365–381. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wanner, P.; Theresa, M.; Jacopo, C.; Klaus, P.; Simon, S. Exercise Intensity Does Not Modulate the Effect of Acute Exercise on Learning a Complex Whole-Body Task. Neuroscience 2020, 426, 115–128. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Y.; Zhou, L.; Luo, Y. The Pilot Establishment and Evaluation of Chinese Affective Words System. Chin. Ment. Health J. 2008, 22, 608–612. [Google Scholar]
- Reber, P.J.; Larry, R.S. Encapsulation of Implicit and Explicit Memory in Sequence Learning. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 1998, 10, 248–263. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Debarnot, U.; Rémi, N.; Yvette, S.; Elodie, S.; Tadhg, M.; Aymeric, G. Acquisition and Consolidation of Implicit Motor Learning with Physical and Mental Practice across Multiple Days of Anodal Tdcs. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 2019, 164, 107062. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Curran, T. Effects of Aging on Implicit Sequence Learning: Accounting for Sequence Structure and Explicit Knowledge. Psychol. Res. 1997, 60, 24–41. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Fu, Q.; Bin, G.; Dienes, Z.; Fu, X.; Gao, X. Learning without Consciously Knowing: Evidence from Event-Related Potentials in Sequence Learning. Conscious Cogn. 2013, 22, 22–34. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Swets, J.A.; Green, D.M. Applications of Signal Detection Theory; Springer: New York, NY, USA, 1978. [Google Scholar]
- Roig, M.; Thomas, R.; Mang, C.S.; Snow, N.J.; Ostadan, F.; Boyd, L.A.; Lundbye-Jensen, J. Time-Dependent Effects of Cardiovascular Exercise on Memory. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. 2016, 44, 81–88. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hötting, K.; Schickert, N.; Kaiser, J.; Röder, B.; Schmidt-Kassow, M. The Effects of Acute Physical Exercise on Memory, Peripheral Bdnf, and Cortisol in Young Adults. Neural Plast. 2016, 2016, 6860573. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Etnier, J.L.; Wideman, L.; Labban, J.D.; Piepmeier, A.T.; Pendleton, D.M.; Dvorak, K.K.; Becofsky, K. The Effects of Acute Exercise on Memory and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (Bdnf). J. Sport Exerc. Psychol. 2016, 38, 331–340. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ostadan, F.; Centeno, C.; Daloze, J.F.; Frenn, M.; Lundbye-Jensen, J.; Roig, M. Changes in Corticospinal Excitability during Consolidation Predict Acute Exercise-Induced Off-Line Gains in Procedural Memory. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 2016, 136, 196–203. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- McNerney, M.W.; Radvansky, G.A. Mind Racing: The Influence of Exercise on Long-Term Memory Consolidation. Memory 2015, 23, 1140–1151. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Squire, L.R. Memory Systems of the Brain: A Brief History and Current Perspective. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 2004, 82, 171–177. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- McGaugh, J.L. Make Mild Moments Memorable: Add a Little Arousal. Trends Cogn. Sci. 2006, 10, 345–347. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gomez-Pinilla, F.; Shoshanna, V.; Ying, Z. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Functions as a Metabotrophin to Mediate the Effects of Exercise on Cognition. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2008, 28, 2278–2287. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Cahill, L.; Michael, T.A. Epinephrine Enhancement of Human Memory Consolidation: Interaction with Arousal at Encoding. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 2003, 79, 194–198. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chowdhury, R.; Guitart-Masip, M.; Bunzeck, N.; Dolan, R.J.; Düzel, E. Dopamine Modulates Episodic Memory Persistence in Old Age. J. Neurosci. 2012, 32, 14193–14204. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Maitland, S.B.; Herlitz, A.; Nyberg, L.; Bäckman, L.; Nilsson, L.G. Selective Sex Differences in Declarative Memory. Mem. Cogn. 2004, 32, 1160–1169. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Ragland, J.D.; Coleman, A.R.; Gur, R.C.; Glahn, D.C.; Gur, R.E. Sex Differences in Brain-Behavior Relationships between Verbal Episodic Memory and Resting Regional Cerebral Blood Flow. Neuropsychologia 2000, 38, 451–461. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
Variable | Pre-Acquisition Exercise | Post-Acquisition Exercise | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
DM Task | PM Task | DM Task | PM Task | |
HR, beats per minute | 126.9 ± 6.1 | 122.9 ± 4.8 | 127.4 ± 5.3 | 123.2 ± 5.2 |
RPM | 71.8 ± 1.8 | 69.5 ± 0.8 | 71.4 ± 2.6 | 70.6 ± 0.9 |
RPE | 13.8 ± 0.8 | 13.6 ± 0.7 | 13.8 ± 0.8 | 14.1 ± 0.8 |
Exercise intensity, percent maximum HR | 64.0 ± 3.1% | 61.6 ± 2.4% | 64.3 ± 2.7% | 61.8 ± 2.6% |
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Wang, X.; Zhu, R.; Zhou, C.; Chen, Y. Distinct Effects of Acute Aerobic Exercise on Declarative Memory and Procedural Memory Formation. Brain Sci. 2020, 10, 691. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10100691
Wang X, Zhu R, Zhou C, Chen Y. Distinct Effects of Acute Aerobic Exercise on Declarative Memory and Procedural Memory Formation. Brain Sciences. 2020; 10(10):691. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10100691
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Xuru, Rui Zhu, Chenglin Zhou, and Yifan Chen. 2020. "Distinct Effects of Acute Aerobic Exercise on Declarative Memory and Procedural Memory Formation" Brain Sciences 10, no. 10: 691. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10100691