Free-Weight Resistance Exercise Is More Effective in Enhancing Inhibitory Control than Machine-Based Training: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethical Standards and Study Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Intervention
2.4. Outcomes
2.5. Data Processing and Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Exercise Effects on Cognitive Performance
3.2. Potential Moderators
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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REmach | REfree | Total Pre | Total Post | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Post | Pre | Post | |||
Age (yrs.) | 27.0 ± 4.3 | 27.3 ± 4.4 | 27.2 ± 4.3 | |||
Sex | 12♂, 11♀ | 14♂, 9♀ | 26♂, 20♀ | |||
Physical Activity (hrs./week) | 8.2 ± 3.8 | 7.8 ± 3.6 | 8.0 ± 3.7 | |||
BMI | 22.7 ± 2.5 | 23.8 ± 3.1 | 23.3 ± 2.8 | |||
Arousal (0–10) | 6.2 ± 1.6 | 7.1 ± 1.4 | 6.5 ± 1.5 | 7.0 ± 1.7 | 6.3 ± 1.5 | 7.1 ± 1.6 |
Heart rate (bpm) | 79.2 ± 15.5 | 103.4 ± 17.6 | 77.3 ± 9.7 | 104.9 ± 18.4 | 78.2 ± 12.8 | 104.1 ± 17.8 |
Enjoyment (0–10) | 6.8 ± 2.1 | 7.6 ± 2.0 | 7.2 ± 2.0 | |||
Subjective exertion (6–20) | 15.2 ± 2.1 | 15.1 ± 2.2 | 15.2 ± 2.1 |
REmach | REfree | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Post | Pre | Post | |
Stroop word (s) | 25.9 (24.6–28.1) | 25.9 (24.2–28.5) | 27.2 (24.0–30.6) | 25.7 (24.4–29.7) |
Stroop color (s) | 31.2 (28.9–35.5) | 29.3 (26.8–33.1) | 33.1 (28.3–35.7) | 30.2 (27.5–34.9) * |
Stroop color-word (s) | 45.9 (42.2–52.3) | 44.7 (40.9–48.1) | 49.7 (42.6–56.1) | 43.9 (38.3–49.0) *# |
TMT-A (s) | 25.5 (21.2–34.3) | 19.5 (16.3–25.2) * | 28.3 (24.7–32.6) | 18.5 (16.6–23.2) * |
TMT-B (s) | 34.3 (28.7–39.1) | 30.3 (23.5–38.6) | 33.7 (27.4–41.7) | 25.5 (21.7–38.1) * |
Digit Span (pts.) | 11 (10–13) | 11 (8–12) | 13 (8–14) | 12 (10–14) |
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Wilke, J.; Stricker, V.; Usedly, S. Free-Weight Resistance Exercise Is More Effective in Enhancing Inhibitory Control than Machine-Based Training: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Brain Sci. 2020, 10, 702. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10100702
Wilke J, Stricker V, Usedly S. Free-Weight Resistance Exercise Is More Effective in Enhancing Inhibitory Control than Machine-Based Training: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Brain Sciences. 2020; 10(10):702. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10100702
Chicago/Turabian StyleWilke, Jan, Vanessa Stricker, and Susanne Usedly. 2020. "Free-Weight Resistance Exercise Is More Effective in Enhancing Inhibitory Control than Machine-Based Training: A Randomized, Controlled Trial" Brain Sciences 10, no. 10: 702. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10100702