Midpalatal Suture Density as a Function of Sex and Growth-Pattern-Related Variability via CBCT Evaluations of 392 Adolescents Treated with a Rapid Maxillary Expander Appliance
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Normal Material and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Setting (Setting, Locations, and Relevant Dates, including Periods of Recruitment, Exposure, Follow-Up, and Data Collection)
2.3. Participants
Inclusion Criteria | Exclusion Criteria |
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|
|
2.4. Treatment
2.5. CBCT
- The transverse plane coincides with the Frankfurt plane (FH), a plane passing through two points: Orbital (Or) and Porion (Po);
- The sagittal plane coincides with the mid-sagittal plane (MSP), a plane perpendicular to plane FH and passing through two points: Crista Galli (Cg) and Basion (Ba);
- The coronal plane coincides with the anteroposterior (PO) plane, perpendicular to the FH and MSP, passing through the right and left Porion.
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- superiorly by the upper central incisors’ apex
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- laterally by the upper central incisors’ medial root surface
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- inferiorly by the cementoenamel junction
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- posteriorly by the anterior edge of the nasopalatine foramen
2.6. Error Method
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sex Comparison
3.2. Hypodivergent vs. Normodivergent
3.3. Hyperdivergent vs. Normodivergent
3.4. Hypodivergent vs. Hyperdivergent
3.5. Class I vs. Class II
3.6. Class I vs. Class III
3.7. Class II vs. Class III
3.8. T0 vs. T1
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
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- the female group showed a significant higher BD value than the male group before the RPE (at T0) and 1 year after the beginning of the RPE therapy (T1)
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- no differences were found between different vertical skeletal patterns in BD values of MPS at T0 and T1
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- the Class III group showed a significant higher BD value than the Class II group at T0, but not at T1
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- no differences were found between other sagittal skeletal pattern (Class I vs. Class II, Class I vs. Class III) groups in terms of BD values of MPS at T0 and T1
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- no differences were found between BD values before and after RPE, because similar results were found between T0 and T1;
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Sex | Vertical Skeletal Pattern | Sagittal Skeletal Pattern |
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|
|
|
Mean (μ) and Standard Deviation (σ) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Vertical Skeletal Pattern | Sagittal Skeletal Pattern | |||||||
Males | Females | Hypo-Divergent | Normo-Divergent | Hyper-Divergent | Class-III | Class-I | Class-II | ||
n | 196 | 196 | 122 | 141 | 129 | 147 | 139 | 106 | |
T0 | μ (Hu) | 550.17 | 561.35 | 551.08 | 556.52 | 552.84 | 563.70 | 558.72 | 555.04 |
σ | 27.12 | 24.33 | 26.03 | 24.72 | 24.10 | 25.91 | 26.18 | 23.32 | |
T1 | μ (Hu) | 541.92 | 550.25 | 545.23 | 541.16 | 543.72 | 553.85 | 552.29 | 550.66 |
σ | 25.09 | 24.21 | 25.96 | 25.24 | 24.82 | 26.16 | 23.76 | 26.89 |
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Macrì, M.; Toniato, E.; Murmura, G.; Varvara, G.; Festa, F. Midpalatal Suture Density as a Function of Sex and Growth-Pattern-Related Variability via CBCT Evaluations of 392 Adolescents Treated with a Rapid Maxillary Expander Appliance. Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 2221. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12042221
Macrì M, Toniato E, Murmura G, Varvara G, Festa F. Midpalatal Suture Density as a Function of Sex and Growth-Pattern-Related Variability via CBCT Evaluations of 392 Adolescents Treated with a Rapid Maxillary Expander Appliance. Applied Sciences. 2022; 12(4):2221. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12042221
Chicago/Turabian StyleMacrì, Monica, Elena Toniato, Giovanna Murmura, Giuseppe Varvara, and Felice Festa. 2022. "Midpalatal Suture Density as a Function of Sex and Growth-Pattern-Related Variability via CBCT Evaluations of 392 Adolescents Treated with a Rapid Maxillary Expander Appliance" Applied Sciences 12, no. 4: 2221. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12042221
APA StyleMacrì, M., Toniato, E., Murmura, G., Varvara, G., & Festa, F. (2022). Midpalatal Suture Density as a Function of Sex and Growth-Pattern-Related Variability via CBCT Evaluations of 392 Adolescents Treated with a Rapid Maxillary Expander Appliance. Applied Sciences, 12(4), 2221. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12042221