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Volume 15
Issue 9
10.3390/met15090980
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Article

Surface Enhancement of CoCrMo Bioimplant Alloy via Nanosecond and Femtosecond Laser Processing with Thermal Treatment

by
Hsuan-Kai Lin
1,*,
Po-Wei Chang
1,
Yu-Ming Ding
1,
Yu-Ting Lyu
2,
Yuan-Jen Chang
3 and
Wei-Hua Lu
1,*
1
Department of Materials Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
2
Metal Industries Research and Development Centre (MIRDC), Kaohsiung City 811, Taiwan
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106344, Taiwan
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Metals 2025, 15(9), 980; https://doi.org/10.3390/met15090980
Submission received: 2 August 2025 / Revised: 26 August 2025 / Accepted: 28 August 2025 / Published: 1 September 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Treatments and Coating of Metallic Materials)
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Abstract

With an aging population, the number of joint replacement surgeries is on the rise. One of the most common implant materials is cobalt–chromium–molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloy. Hence, the surface properties of this alloy have attracted increasing attention. In this study, nanosecond and femtosecond laser processing, followed by annealing, was employed to modify the CoCrMo surface. The effects of the treatment conditions on the surface morphology, structure, composition, hardness, roughness, contact angle, wear properties, and corrosion current were studied. Femtosecond laser processing with an energy density of 1273 mJ/cm2, followed by heat treatment at 160 °C for 2 h, produced laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) without altering the chemical composition of the alloy and rendered the surface superhydrophobic. In contrast, nanosecond laser treatment at higher laser energy densities promoted the formation of an oxide layer, which improved the hardness and corrosion resistance of the substrate. Overall, the CoCrMo samples processed using the femtosecond laser system exhibited superior corrosion and wear resistance, with a protection efficiency of approximately 92%.
Keywords: CoCrMo; nanosecond and femtosecond lasers; annealing treatment; wear; corrosion resistance CoCrMo; nanosecond and femtosecond lasers; annealing treatment; wear; corrosion resistance

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lin, H.-K.; Chang, P.-W.; Ding, Y.-M.; Lyu, Y.-T.; Chang, Y.-J.; Lu, W.-H. Surface Enhancement of CoCrMo Bioimplant Alloy via Nanosecond and Femtosecond Laser Processing with Thermal Treatment. Metals 2025, 15, 980. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15090980

AMA Style

Lin H-K, Chang P-W, Ding Y-M, Lyu Y-T, Chang Y-J, Lu W-H. Surface Enhancement of CoCrMo Bioimplant Alloy via Nanosecond and Femtosecond Laser Processing with Thermal Treatment. Metals. 2025; 15(9):980. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15090980

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lin, Hsuan-Kai, Po-Wei Chang, Yu-Ming Ding, Yu-Ting Lyu, Yuan-Jen Chang, and Wei-Hua Lu. 2025. "Surface Enhancement of CoCrMo Bioimplant Alloy via Nanosecond and Femtosecond Laser Processing with Thermal Treatment" Metals 15, no. 9: 980. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15090980

APA Style

Lin, H.-K., Chang, P.-W., Ding, Y.-M., Lyu, Y.-T., Chang, Y.-J., & Lu, W.-H. (2025). Surface Enhancement of CoCrMo Bioimplant Alloy via Nanosecond and Femtosecond Laser Processing with Thermal Treatment. Metals, 15(9), 980. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15090980

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