Numerical Modeling of REE Fractionation Patterns in Fluorapatite from the Olympic Dam Deposit (South Australia)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Description of the Deposit, Apatite-Group Minerals and Rare Earth Element Behavior
2.1. The Olympic Dam Deposit
2.2. Apatite Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Crystal Structure
2.3. REE Trends in Fluorapatite from the Olympic Dam Deposit
2.4. Fluid Evolution within IOCG Systems, REE Speciation and the Controls on Apatite/Fluid Partitioning
3. Methodology
Numerical Modeling of Apatite/Fluid Partitioning Coefficients
4. Results
4.1. Study Cases and Determination of Fluid Conditions
4.2. Apatite/Fluid REE Partitioning and the Effects of Evolving Fluid Conditions
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions and Recommendations
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Results of Modeling (Models 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1 and 3.2).
MODEL 1.1 | a (aq.) Total | a (Apatite) | Concentration in Apatite (Mole Fraction) | Concentration Fluid (Modal) | K | Dapatite/fluid | Concentration REE Fluid (ppm) | Model Apatite (ppm) | Model Apatite/Chondrite |
Ca | 0.141 | 0.974 | 0.974 | 0.195 | |||||
Na | 3.05 | 0.013 | 0.013 | 4.39 | |||||
La | 1.35 × 10−4 | 2.25 × 10−3 | 1.51 × 10−3 | 1.58 | 98.4 | 156 | 658 | ||
Ce | 1.82 × 10−4 | 6.15 × 10−3 | 3.05 × 10−3 | 3.20 | 194 | 622 | 1014 | ||
Pr | 1.80 × 10−5 | 7.35 × 10−4 | 3.70 × 10−3 | 3.89 | 21.1 | 81.9 | 881 | ||
Nd | 6.35 × 10−5 | 2.66 × 10−3 | 3.79 × 10−3 | 3.98 | 72.2 | 287 | 629 | ||
Sm | 1.57 × 10−5 | 4.07 × 10−4 | 2.35 × 10−3 | 2.47 | 13.0 | 32.0 | 216 | ||
Eu | 1.03 × 10−7 | 3.70 × 10−5 | 0.032 | 0.37 | 1.76 | 0.65 | 11.6 | ||
Gd | 8.63 × 10−6 | 3.23 × 10−4 | 3.39 × 10−3 | 3.56 | 10.8 | 38.3 | 192 | ||
Tb | 1.41 × 10−6 | 4.20 × 10−5 | 2.69 × 10−3 | 2.83 | 1.65 | 4.68 | 130 | ||
Dy | 7.59 × 10−6 | 2.36 × 10−4 | 2.81 × 10−3 | 2.95 | 9.92 | 29.3 | 119 | ||
Ho | 1.90 × 10−6 | 4.63 × 10−5 | 2.21 × 10−3 | 2.32 | 2.08 | 4.82 | 87.5 | ||
Er | 7.62 × 10−6 | 1.28 × 10−4 | 1.52 × 10−3 | 1.59 | 5.81 | 9.26 | 57.9 | ||
Tm | 1.70 × 10−6 | 1.64 × 10−5 | 8.72 × 10−4 | 0.916 | 0.922 | 0.84 | 33.8 | ||
Yb | 9.21 × 10−6 | 9.90 × 10−5 | 9.72 × 10−4 | 1.02 | 6.04 | 6.17 | 38.3 | ||
Lu | 1.30 × 10−6 | 1.34 × 10−5 | 9.38 × 10−4 | 0.985 | 0.846 | 0.83 | 33.9 | ||
Y Eu2+ (aq.) | 7.22 × 10−3 |
MODEL 1.2 | a (aq.) Total | a (Apatite) | Concentration in Apatite (Mole Fraction) | Concentration Fluid (Modal) | K | Dapatite/fluid | Concentration REE Fluid (ppm) | Model Apatite (ppm) | Model Apatite/Chondrite |
Ca | 0.789 | 0.974 | 0.974 | 1.05 | |||||
Na | 3.39 | 0.013 | 0.013 | 4.80 | |||||
La | 1.59 × 10−4 | 2.25 × 10−3 | 0.036 | 7.68 | 98.4 | 756 | 3189 | ||
Ce | 2.08 × 10−4 | 6.15 × 10−3 | 0.075 | 16.1 | 194 | 3117 | 5084 | ||
Pr | 1.89 × 10−5 | 7.35 × 10−4 | 0.099 | 21.1 | 21.1 | 445 | 4785 | ||
Nd | 6.59 × 10−5 | 2.66 × 10−3 | 0.103 | 22.0 | 72.2 | 1587 | 3473 | ||
Sm | 1.82 × 10−5 | 4.07 × 10−4 | 0.057 | 12.2 | 13.0 | 158 | 1067 | ||
Eu | 9.78 × 10−8 | 3.70 × 10−5 | 0.965 | 2.19 | 1.76 | 3.85 | 68.7 | ||
Gd | 1.10 × 10−5 | 3.23 × 10−4 | 0.075 | 16.0 | 10.8 | 172 | 864 | ||
Tb | 1.78 × 10−6 | 4.20 × 10−5 | 0.060 | 12.8 | 1.65 | 21.2 | 588 | ||
Dy | 8.80 × 10−6 | 2.36 × 10−4 | 0.068 | 14.6 | 9.92 | 145 | 589 | ||
Ho | 2.31 × 10−6 | 4.63 × 10−5 | 0.051 | 10.9 | 2.08 | 22.6 | 412 | ||
Er | 9.50 × 10−6 | 1.28 × 10−4 | 0.034 | 7.32 | 5.81 | 42.5 | 266 | ||
Tm | 1.84 × 10−6 | 1.64 × 10−5 | 0.023 | 4.86 | 0.922 | 4.48 | 179 | ||
Yb | 1.13 × 10−5 | 9.90 × 10−5 | 0.022 | 4.77 | 6.04 | 28.8 | 179 | ||
Lu | 1.61 × 10−6 | 1.34 × 10−5 | 0.021 | 4.54 | 0.846 | 3.84 | 156 | ||
Y Eu2+ (aq.) | 6.25 × 10−3 |
MODEL 2.1 | a (aq.) Total | a (Apatite) | Concentration in Apatite (Mole Fraction) | Concentration Fluid (Modal) | K | Dapatite/fluid | Concentration REE Fluid (ppm) | Model Apatite (ppm) | Model Apatite/Chondrite |
Ca | 0.068 | 0.996 | 0.996 | 0.105 | |||||
Na | 1.28 | 1.96 × 10−3 | 1.96 × 10−3 | 1.94 | |||||
La | 1.42 × 10−4 | 9.31 × 10−5 | 4.73 × 10−6 | 4.10 × 10−3 | 100 | 0.41 | 1.73 | ||
Ce | 1.49 × 10−4 | 3.27 × 10−4 | 1.58 × 10−5 | 0.014 | 200 | 2.74 | 4.47 | ||
Pr | 1.62 × 10−5 | 6.56 × 10−5 | 2.93 × 10−5 | 0.025 | 24.0 | 0.61 | 6.54 | ||
Nd | 3.74 × 10−5 | 4.15 × 10−4 | 8.01 × 10−5 | 0.069 | 80.0 | 5.55 | 12.1 | ||
Sm | 5.63 × 10−6 | 2.86 × 10−4 | 3.67 × 10−4 | 0.318 | 14.0 | 4.45 | 30.0 | ||
Eu | 1.60 × 10−7 | 6.52 × 10−5 | 27.9 | 0.199 | 1.90 | 0.38 | 6.76 | ||
Gd | 4.26 × 10−6 | 4.01 × 10−4 | 6.78 × 10−4 | 0.587 | 11.8 | 6.93 | 34.8 | ||
Tb | 4.50 × 10−7 | 4.29 × 10−5 | 6.88 × 10−4 | 0.596 | 1.70 | 1.01 | 28.2 | ||
Dy | 2.89 × 10−6 | 1.66 × 10−4 | 4.15 × 10−4 | 0.359 | 10.3 | 3.70 | 15.0 | ||
Ho | 5.46 × 10−7 | 2.10 × 10−5 | 2.78 × 10−4 | 0.241 | 2.00 | 0.48 | 8.75 | ||
Er | 1.37 × 10−6 | 4.14 × 10−5 | 2.17 × 10−4 | 0.188 | 6.10 | 1.15 | 7.18 | ||
Tm | 1.79 × 10−7 | 4.40 × 10−6 | 1.78 × 10−4 | 0.154 | 0.70 | 0.11 | 4.31 | ||
Yb | 1.48 × 10−6 | 2.75 × 10−5 | 1.34 × 10−4 | 0.116 | 6.30 | 0.73 | 4.53 | ||
Lu | 2.48 × 10−7 | 3.10 × 10−6 | 9.03 × 10−5 | 0.078 | 1.10 | 0.086 | 3.50 | ||
Y Eu2+ (aq.) | 0.012 |
MODEL 2.2 | a (aq.) Total | a (Apatite) | Concentration in Apatite (Mole Fraction) | Concentration Fluid (Modal) | K | Dapatite/fluid | Concentration REE Fluid (ppm) | Model Apatite (ppm) | Model Apatite/Chondrite |
Ca | 0.906 | 0.996 | 0.996 | 1.28 | |||||
Na | 1.48 | 1.96 × 10−3 | 1.96 × 10−3 | 2.19 | |||||
La | 1.58 × 10−4 | 9.31 × 10−5 | 6.46 × 10−4 | 0.052 | 100 | 5.18 | 21.8 | ||
Ce | 1.67 × 10−4 | 3.27 × 10−4 | 2.14 × 10−3 | 0.172 | 200 | 34.4 | 56.0 | ||
Pr | 1.70 × 10−5 | 6.56 × 10−5 | 4.22 × 10−3 | 0.338 | 24.0 | 8.11 | 87.2 | ||
Nd | 3.85 × 10−5 | 4.15 × 10−4 | 0.012 | 0.946 | 80.0 | 75.7 | 166 | ||
Sm | 6.55 × 10−6 | 2.86 × 10−4 | 0.048 | 3.83 | 14.0 | 53.6 | 362 | ||
Eu | 1.27 × 10−7 | 6.52 × 10−5 | 468 | 3.79 | 1.90 | 7.21 | 129 | ||
Gd | 5.71 × 10−6 | 4.01 × 10−4 | 0.077 | 6.15 | 11.8 | 72.6 | 365 | ||
Tb | 5.09 × 10−7 | 4.29 × 10−5 | 0.092 | 7.38 | 1.70 | 12.5 | 349 | ||
Dy | 3.19 × 10−6 | 1.66 × 10−4 | 0.057 | 4.56 | 10.3 | 47.0 | 191 | ||
Ho | 6.08 × 10−7 | 2.10 × 10−5 | 0.038 | 3.03 | 2.00 | 6.06 | 110 | ||
Er | 1.31 × 10−6 | 4.14 × 10−5 | 0.035 | 2.78 | 6.10 | 16.9 | 106 | ||
Tm | 2.30 × 10−7 | 4.40 × 10−6 | 0.021 | 1.67 | 0.70 | 1.17 | 46.9 | ||
Yb | 1.33 × 10−6 | 2.75 × 10−5 | 0.023 | 1.81 | 6.30 | 11.4 | 70.9 | ||
Lu | 2.32 × 10−7 | 3.10 × 10−6 | 0.015 | 1.17 | 1.10 | 1.29 | 52.5 | ||
Y Eu2+ (aq.) | 8.10 × 10−3 |
MODEL 3.1 | a (aq.) Total | a (Apatite) | Concentration in Apatite (Mole Fraction) | Concentration Fluid (Modal) | K | Dapatite/fluid | Concentration REE Fluid (ppm) | Model Apatite (ppm) | Model Apatite/Chondrite |
Ca | 0.224 | 0.992 | 0.992 | 0.292 | |||||
Na | 0.439 | 4.10 × 10−3 | 4.10 × 10−3 | 0.944 | |||||
La | 3.47 × 10−3 | 1.01 × 10−5 | 1.39 × 10−6 | 2.10 × 10−4 | 120 | 0.252 | 1.06 | ||
Ce | 4.71 × 10−3 | 6.99 × 10−5 | 7.10 × 10−6 | 1.07 × 10−3 | 170 | 1.82 | 2.98 | ||
Pr | 3.94 × 10−4 | 2.42 × 10−5 | 2.93 × 10−5 | 4.44 × 10−3 | 150 | 0.665 | 7.16 | ||
Nd | 1.01 × 10−3 | 2.69 × 10−4 | 1.28 × 10−4 | 0.019 | 393 | 7.58 | 16.6 | ||
Sm | 1.01 × 10−4 | 8.41 × 10−4 | 3.99 × 10−3 | 0.603 | 41.2 | 24.9 | 168 | ||
Eu | 2.99 × 10−5 | 5.15 × 10−4 | 8.22 × 10−3 | 1.24 | 12.4 | 15.4 | 275 | ||
Gd | 6.54 × 10−5 | 1.55 × 10−3 | 0.011 | 1.71 | 28.0 | 47.9 | 241 | ||
Tb | 7.87 × 10−6 | 1.22 × 10−4 | 7.40 × 10−3 | 1.12 | 3.40 | 3.80 | 106 | ||
Dy | 3.78 × 10−5 | 4.58 × 10−4 | 5.80 × 10−3 | 0.877 | 16.7 | 14.6 | 59.5 | ||
Ho | 6.69 × 10−6 | 6.10 × 10−5 | 4.36 × 10−3 | 0.659 | 3.00 | 1.98 | 36.0 | ||
Er | 2.00 × 10−5 | 1.15 × 10−4 | 2.74 × 10−3 | 0.415 | 9.10 | 3.78 | 23.6 | ||
Tm | 2.61 × 10−6 | 1.08 × 10−5 | 1.98 × 10−3 | 0.299 | 1.20 | 0.359 | 14.4 | ||
Yb | 1.83 × 10−5 | 4.82 × 10−5 | 1.26 × 10−3 | 0.191 | 8.60 | 1.64 | 10.2 | ||
Lu | 2.73 × 10−6 | 5.25 × 10−6 | 9.18 × 10−4 | 0.139 | 1.30 | 0.180 | 7.34 | ||
Y Eu2+ (aq.) | NA |
MODEL 3.2 | a (aq.) Total | a (Apatite) | Concentration in Apatite (Mole Fraction) | Concentration Fluid (Modal) | K | Dapatite/fluid | Concentration REE Fluid (ppm) | Model Apatite (ppm) | Model Apatite/Chondrite |
Ca | 0.645 | 0.992 | 0.992 | 1.05 | |||||
Na | 0.652 | 4.10 × 10−3 | 4.10 × 10−3 | 1.03 | |||||
La | 7.37 × 10−3 | 1.01 × 10−5 | 3.63 × 10−6 | 1.66 × 10−4 | 120 | 0.199 | 0.841 | ||
Ce | 9.16 × 10−3 | 6.99 × 10−5 | 2.03 × 10−5 | 9.29 × 10−4 | 170 | 1.58 | 2.58 | ||
Pr | 4.88 × 10−4 | 2.42 × 10−5 | 1.32 × 10−4 | 6.03 × 10−3 | 150 | 0.904 | 9.72 | ||
Nd | 1.23 × 10−3 | 2.69 × 10−4 | 5.81 × 10−4 | 0.027 | 393 | 10.4 | 22.9 | ||
Sm | 1.10 × 10−4 | 8.41 × 10−4 | 0.020 | 0.933 | 41.2 | 38.4 | 260 | ||
Eu | 2.99 × 10−5 | 5.15 × 10−4 | 0.046 | 2.10 | 12.4 | 26.0 | 464 | ||
Gd | 7.01 × 10−5 | 1.55 × 10−3 | 0.059 | 2.69 | 28.0 | 75.3 | 378 | ||
Tb | 8.49 × 10−6 | 1.22 × 10−4 | 0.038 | 1.75 | 3.40 | 5.93 | 165 | ||
Dy | 4.02 × 10−5 | 4.58 × 10−4 | 0.030 | 1.39 | 16.7 | 23.2 | 94.3 | ||
Ho | 7.17 × 10−6 | 6.10 × 10−5 | 0.023 | 1.04 | 3.00 | 3.11 | 56.5 | ||
Er | 2.11 × 10−5 | 1.15 × 10−4 | 0.014 | 0.661 | 9.10 | 6.01 | 37.6 | ||
Tm | 2.77 × 10−6 | 1.08 × 10−5 | 0.010 | 0.475 | 1.20 | 0.570 | 22.8 | ||
Yb | 1.95 × 10−5 | 4.82 × 10−5 | 6.59 × 10−3 | 0.301 | 8.60 | 2.59 | 16.1 | ||
Lu | 2.89 × 10−6 | 5.25 × 10−6 | 4.83 × 10−3 | 0.221 | 1.30 | 0.287 | 11.7 | ||
Y Eu2+ (aq.) | NA |
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Apatite in Altered Granite | Ore-Hosted Apatite | ||
---|---|---|---|
Deep Mineralization REE + Y-, S- and Cl-rich cores | Hematite-Sericite Altered | High-Grade Bornite Ore | |
La | 1520 | 84 | 7 |
Ce | 4192 | 258 | 49 |
Pr | 504 | 47 | 17 |
Nd | 1868 | 280 | 194 |
Sm | 298 | 195 | 631 |
Eu | 27 | 45 | 391 |
Gd | 247 | 290 | 1217 |
Tb | 32 | 32 | 97 |
Dy | 187 | 125 | 365 |
Ho | 37 | 16 | 49 |
Er | 104 | 33 | 92 |
Tm | 13 | 4 | 9 |
Yb | 83 | 24 | 39 |
Lu | 11 | 3 | 4 |
Case 1 Mt + Py + Cp K-Feldspar Stable | Case 2 Hm + Py + Cp Sericite Stable | Case 3 Hm + Bn Silicates Absent | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | 1.1 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 3.1 | 3.2 |
O2 aq (log g) | −36.8 | −36.8 | −31.7 | −31.7 | −31.7 | −32 |
H+ (pH) | 5.2 | 5.2 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 8.5 | 6.6 |
NaCl (wt %) | 20 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 5 |
Ca (wt %) | 0.61 | 3 | 0.37 | 4 | 1.06 | 3.5 |
HCO3− (wt %) | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 2.40 | 2.40 |
F- (wt %) | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 |
SO4− (wt %) | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
Temperature (°C) | 300 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 300 |
La (ppm) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 1200 | 1200 |
Ce (ppm) | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 1700 | 1700 |
Pr (ppm) | 21 | 21 | 24 | 24 | 150 | 150 |
Nd (ppm) | 70 | 70 | 80 | 80 | 393 | 393 |
Sm (ppm) | 12.4 | 12.4 | 14 | 14 | 41.2 | 41.2 |
Eu (ppm) | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 12.4 | 12.4 |
Gd (ppm) | 10.3 | 10.3 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 28 | 28 |
Tb (ppm) | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 3.4 | 3.4 |
Dy (ppm) | 9.5 | 9.5 | 10.3 | 10.3 | 16.7 | 16.7 |
Ho (ppm) | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
Er (ppm) | 5.7 | 5.7 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 9.1 | 9.1 |
Tm (ppm) | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
Yb (ppm) | 5.6 | 5.6 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 8.6 | 8.6 |
Lu (ppm) | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.3 |
% of REE Activity as Cl Complexes | Proportion of REE Activity as Oxide and OH− Complexes | |||||||||||
Model | 1.1 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 3.1 | 3.2 |
La | 91.9 | 94.0 | 97.5 | 99.1 | 0 | 3.5 × 10−3 | 6.21 | 4.57 | 0.20 | 0.11 | 100 | 100 |
Ce | 63.7 | 70.8 | 93.8 | 97.1 | 1.2 × 10−10 | 4.9 × 10−4 | 31.7 | 27.0 | 1.89 | 1.09 | 100 | 100 |
Pr | 67.0 | 73.6 | 96.1 | 98.2 | 0 | 1.6 × 10−4 | 29.6 | 25.0 | 1.67 | 0.97 | 100 | 100 |
Nd | 30.7 | 36.9 | 84.6 | 92.6 | 0 | 2.9 × 10−5 | 65.3 | 61.9 | 6.01 | 4.39 | 100 | 100 |
Sm | 10.2 | 13.1 | 64.5 | 79.7 | 0 | 1.7 × 10−6 | 85.5 | 84.8 | 12.9 | 10.4 | 100 | 100 |
Eu | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |
Gd | 13.3 | 18.3 | 57.3 | 77.1 | 0 | 1.7 × 10−6 | 72.4 | 73.9 | 7.40 | 5.32 | 100 | 100 |
Tb | 5.04 | 7.65 | 34.4 | 58.8 | 0 | 7.4 × 10−7 | 79.4 | 83.8 | 8.49 | 8.37 | 100 | 100 |
Dy | 5.96 | 2.02 | 30.3 | 56.0 | 0 | 5.1 × 10−7 | 69.3 | 83.4 | 5.36 | 5.05 | 100 | 100 |
Ho | 7.82 | 6.79 | 31.2 | 56.5 | 0 | 4.7 × 10−7 | 75.2 | 83.8 | 7.85 | 7.24 | 100 | 100 |
Er | 1.06 | 1.47 | 16.4 | 34.7 | 0 | 0 | 89.1 | 93.3 | 12.3 | 13.6 | 100 | 100 |
Tm | 1.30 | 1.80 | 3.72 | 36.0 | 0 | 8.4 × 10−8 | 91.8 | 95.2 | 17.8 | 47.9 | 100 | 100 |
Yb | 0.60 | 0.82 | 11.2 | 26.7 | 0 | 0 | 93.4 | 97.2 | 20.5 | 24.5 | 100 | 100 |
Lu | 0.18 | 0.25 | 3.01 | 6.51 | 0 | 0 | 88.7 | 94.1 | 14.0 | 30.7 | 100 | 100 |
% of REE Activity as F Complexes | Proportion of REE Activity as SO4 Complexes | |||||||||||
Model | 1.1 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 3.1 | 3.2 |
La | 1.85 | 1.38 | 1.94 | 0.74 | 2.3 × 10−8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.38 | 0.10 | 3.3 × 10−9 | 1.5 × 10−4 |
Ce | 4.54 | 2.21 | 4.28 | 1.76 | 3.1 × 10−9 | 7.9 × 10−10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Pr | 3.44 | 1.42 | 2.19 | 0.83 | 4.2 × 10−10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Nd | 4.02 | 1.20 | 5.76 | 2.00 | 1.5 × 10−10 | 1.2 × 10−10 | 0 | 0 | 3.59 | 1.04 | 7.5 × 10−11 | 1.3 × 10−5 |
Sm | 4.34 | 2.09 | 18.4 | 8.57 | 1.9 × 10−11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.17 | 1.34 | 6.5 × 10−12 | 1.4 × 10−6 |
Eu | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Gd | 14.3 | 7.77 | 35.3 | 17.5 | 7.5 × 10−11 | 2.9 × 10−10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Tb | 15.5 | 8.60 | 53.8 | 32.8 | 8.5 × 10−11 | 4.4 × 10−10 | 0 | 0 | 3.38 | 0 | 2.9 × 10−12 | 0 |
Dy | 24.7 | 14.6 | 62.7 | 38.9 | 1.1 × 10−10 | 3.5 × 10−10 | 0 | 0 | 1.73 | 0 | 1.7 × 10−12 | 0 |
Ho | 17.0 | 9.41 | 59.2 | 36.3 | 8.6 × 10−11 | 1.1 × 10−10 | 0 | 0 | 1.76 | 0 | 1.5 × 10−12 | 0 |
Er | 9.81 | 5.19 | 69.7 | 51.7 | 2.5 × 10−11 | 7.2 × 10−11 | 0 | 0 | 1.59 | 0 | 3.5 × 10−13 | 7.7 × 10−8 |
Tm | 6.89 | 2.96 | 74.2 | 10.7 | 2.7 × 10−11 | 8.2 × 10−11 | 0 | 0 | 4.32 | 5.34 | 4.0 × 10−13 | 8.7 × 10−8 |
Yb | 5.96 | 1.96 | 66.6 | 48.8 | 1.7 × 10−11 | 5.5 × 10−10 | 0 | 0 | 1.69 | 0 | 3.5 × 10−13 | 7.7 × 10−8 |
Lu | 11.1 | 5.68 | 82.3 | 62.8 | 3.1 × 10−11 | 1.2 × 10−10 | 0 | 0 | 0.68 | 0 | 0 | 2.8 × 10−8 |
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Krneta, S.; Ciobanu, C.L.; Cook, N.J.; Ehrig, K.J. Numerical Modeling of REE Fractionation Patterns in Fluorapatite from the Olympic Dam Deposit (South Australia). Minerals 2018, 8, 342. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8080342
Krneta S, Ciobanu CL, Cook NJ, Ehrig KJ. Numerical Modeling of REE Fractionation Patterns in Fluorapatite from the Olympic Dam Deposit (South Australia). Minerals. 2018; 8(8):342. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8080342
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrneta, Sasha, Cristiana L. Ciobanu, Nigel J. Cook, and Kathy J. Ehrig. 2018. "Numerical Modeling of REE Fractionation Patterns in Fluorapatite from the Olympic Dam Deposit (South Australia)" Minerals 8, no. 8: 342. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8080342