Association of the Hepatitis B Virus Large Surface Protein with Viral Infectivity and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-mediated Liver Carcinogenesis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. HBV Surface Proteins
3. The Pre-S1 Domain of the HBV Large Surface Protein in Viral Entry
4. Glycosylations of the LHBs Pre-S Regions that Regulate Protein Topology
5. LHBs-induced Activation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Associated Carcinogenic Signaling Pathways
6. ER Stress-mediated Metabolic Pathways Associated with LHBs
7. LHBs Pre-S Genetic Variations in Ground Glass Hepatocytes Contribute to the ER Stress-mediated Carcinogenic Processes
7.1. Pre-S1 Deletion Variants
7.2. Pre-S2 Deletion Variants
8. LHBs in Infection Phases and HCC: Detection and Applications
9. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ACSL | acyl-CoA synthetase |
ACLY | ATP citrate lyase |
AJCC | American Joint Committee on Cancer |
C/EBPα/β | CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α/β |
CHOP | C/EBP homologous protein |
CHB | Chronic hepatitis B |
COX-2 | Cyclooxygenase-2 |
CREB | cAMP-responsive element-binding |
EOR | ER overload response |
ER | Endoplasmic reticulum |
ERAD | ER-associated protein degradation |
ERSE | ER stress element |
FADS2 | Fatty acid desaturase 2 |
GGH | ground glass hepatocyte |
GLUT | Glucose transporter |
GSK | Glycogen synthase kinase |
HBV | Hepatitis B virus |
HIF-1 | Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 |
HCC | hepatocellular carcinoma |
JAB1 | c-jun activation domain binding protein 1 |
LHBS | Large hepatitis B virus surface |
MHBS | medium hepatitis B virus surface |
NA | Nucleotide analog |
NTCP | Sodium taurocholate cotransporting protein |
OGG1 | Oxoguanine glycosylase 1 |
PERK | Protein kinase R-like ER kinase |
pg | Pregenomic |
PTM | posttranslational modification |
ROI | Reactive oxygen ion |
ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
SHBS | small hepatitis B virus surface |
SNP | single nucleotide polymorphism |
SLC2A1 | Solute carrier family 2 member 1 |
SVP | Subviral particle |
TM | transmembrane |
UPR | unfolded protein response |
VEGF | Vascular endothelial growth factor |
XBP1 | X-box-binding protein 1 |
XRCC1 | X-ray cross-complementation 1 |
YY1 | Yin Yang 1 |
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Lin, W.-L.; Hung, J.-H.; Huang, W. Association of the Hepatitis B Virus Large Surface Protein with Viral Infectivity and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-mediated Liver Carcinogenesis. Cells 2020, 9, 2052. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9092052
Lin W-L, Hung J-H, Huang W. Association of the Hepatitis B Virus Large Surface Protein with Viral Infectivity and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-mediated Liver Carcinogenesis. Cells. 2020; 9(9):2052. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9092052
Chicago/Turabian StyleLin, Wei-Ling, Jui-Hsiang Hung, and Wenya Huang. 2020. "Association of the Hepatitis B Virus Large Surface Protein with Viral Infectivity and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-mediated Liver Carcinogenesis" Cells 9, no. 9: 2052. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9092052