Tissue-Specific Actions of Glucocorticoids on Apoptosis: A Double-Edged Sword
Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Cells 2013, 2(2), 202-223; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells2020202
Received: 4 February 2013 / Revised: 5 March 2013 / Accepted: 12 March 2013 / Published: 26 March 2013
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Apoptosis)
First described for their metabolic and immunosuppressive effects, glucocorticoids are widely prescribed in clinical settings of inflammation. However, glucocorticoids are also potent inducers of apoptosis in many cell types and tissues. This review will focus on the established mechanisms of glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis and outline what is known about the apoptotic response in cells and tissues of the body after exposure to glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis affects the skeletal system, muscular system, circulatory system, nervous system, endocrine system, reproductive system, and the immune system. Interestingly, several cell types have an anti-apoptotic response to glucocorticoids that is cytoprotective. Lastly, we will discuss the pro- and anti-apoptotic effects of glucocorticoids in cancers and their clinical implications.
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Keywords:
glucocorticoids; glucocorticoid receptors; apoptosis
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MDPI and ACS Style
Gruver-Yates, A.L.; Cidlowski, J.A. Tissue-Specific Actions of Glucocorticoids on Apoptosis: A Double-Edged Sword. Cells 2013, 2, 202-223.
AMA Style
Gruver-Yates AL, Cidlowski JA. Tissue-Specific Actions of Glucocorticoids on Apoptosis: A Double-Edged Sword. Cells. 2013; 2(2):202-223.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGruver-Yates, Amanda L.; Cidlowski, John A. 2013. "Tissue-Specific Actions of Glucocorticoids on Apoptosis: A Double-Edged Sword" Cells 2, no. 2: 202-223.
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