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Review

Intelligent Batch Harvesting of Trellis-Grown Fruits with Application to Kiwifruit Picking Robots

1
School of Mechanical Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 611743, China
2
Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
3
School of Mechatronics, Chengdu Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Agronomy 2025, 15(11), 2499; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15112499
Submission received: 22 August 2025 / Revised: 30 September 2025 / Accepted: 21 October 2025 / Published: 28 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Digital Twins in Precision Agriculture)

Abstract

This study aims to help researchers quickly understand the latest research status of kiwifruit picking robots to expand their research ideas. The centralized picking of kiwifruit is confronted with challenges such as high labor intensity and labor shortage. A series of social issues including the decline in agricultural population and population aging have further increased the cost of its harvest. Therefore, intelligent picking robots replacing manual operations is an effective solution. This paper, through literature review and organization, analyzes and evaluates the performance characteristics of various current kiwifruit picking robots. It summarizes the key technologies of kiwifruit picking robots, from the aspects of robot vision systems, mechanical arms, and the end effector. At the same time, it conducts an in-depth analysis of the problems existing in automatic kiwifruit harvesting technology in modern agriculture. Finally, it is concluded that in the future, research should be carried out in aspects such as kiwifruit cluster recognition algorithms, picking efficiency, and damage cost and universality to enhance the operational performance and market promotion potential of kiwifruit picking robots. The significance of this review lies in addressing the imminent labor crisis in agricultural production and steering agriculture toward intelligent and precise transformation. Its contributions are reflected in greatly advancing robotic technology in complex agricultural settings, generating substantial technical achievements, injecting new vitality into related industries and academic fields, and ultimately delivering sustainable economic benefits and stable agricultural supply to society.
Keywords: picking robots; kiwifruit harvest; machine vision; robot; mechanical arm; the end effector picking robots; kiwifruit harvest; machine vision; robot; mechanical arm; the end effector

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Yang, Y.; Zhang, M.; Ma, W.; Hu, Y. Intelligent Batch Harvesting of Trellis-Grown Fruits with Application to Kiwifruit Picking Robots. Agronomy 2025, 15, 2499. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15112499

AMA Style

Yang Y, Zhang M, Ma W, Hu Y. Intelligent Batch Harvesting of Trellis-Grown Fruits with Application to Kiwifruit Picking Robots. Agronomy. 2025; 15(11):2499. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15112499

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yang, Yuxin, Mei Zhang, Wei Ma, and Yongsong Hu. 2025. "Intelligent Batch Harvesting of Trellis-Grown Fruits with Application to Kiwifruit Picking Robots" Agronomy 15, no. 11: 2499. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15112499

APA Style

Yang, Y., Zhang, M., Ma, W., & Hu, Y. (2025). Intelligent Batch Harvesting of Trellis-Grown Fruits with Application to Kiwifruit Picking Robots. Agronomy, 15(11), 2499. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15112499

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