SS1P Immunotoxin Induces Markers of Immunogenic Cell Death and Enhances the Effect of the CTLA-4 Blockade in AE17M Mouse Mesothelioma Tumors

Leshem, Yasmin; King, Emily M.; Mazor, Ronit; Reiter, Yoram; Pastan, Ira

doi:10.3390/toxins10110470

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SS1P Immunotoxin Induces Markers of Immunogenic Cell Death and Enhances the Effect of the CTLA-4 Blockade in AE17M Mouse Mesothelioma Tumors

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Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA

Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Toxins 2018, 10(11), 470; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins10110470

Received: 16 October 2018 / Revised: 5 November 2018 / Accepted: 8 November 2018 / Published: 14 November 2018

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toxins and Immunology)

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Abstract

SS1P is an anti-mesothelin immunotoxin composed of a targeting antibody fragment genetically fused to a truncated fragment of Pseudomonas exotoxin A. Delayed responses reported in mesothelioma patients receiving SS1P suggest that anti-tumor immunity is induced. The goal of this study is to evaluate if SS1P therapy renders mesothelioma tumors more sensitive to cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) immune checkpoint blockade. We evaluated the ability of SS1P to induce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) secretion and calreticulin expression on the surface of AE17M mouse mesothelioma cells. Both properties are associated with immunogenic cell death. Furthermore, we treated these tumors with intra-tumoral SS1P and systemic CTLA-4. We found that SS1P increased the release of ATP from AE17M cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. In addition, SS1P induced calreticulin expression on the surface of AE17M cells. These results suggest that SS1P promotes immunogenic cell death and could sensitize tumors to anti-CTLA-4 based therapy. In mouse studies, we found that the combination of anti-CTLA-4 with intra-tumoral SS1P induced complete regressions in most mice and provided a statistically significant survival benefit compared to monotherapy. The surviving mice were protected from tumor re-challenge, indicating the development of anti-tumor immunity. These findings support the use of intra-tumoral SS1P in combination with anti-CTLA-4. View Full-Text

Keywords: immunotoxins; SS1P; anti-CTLA-4; mesothelioma; mesothelin; immunogenic cell death; immunotherapy; ATP; Calreticulin

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Leshem, Y.; King, E.M.; Mazor, R.; Reiter, Y.; Pastan, I. SS1P Immunotoxin Induces Markers of Immunogenic Cell Death and Enhances the Effect of the CTLA-4 Blockade in AE17M Mouse Mesothelioma Tumors. Toxins 2018, 10, 470. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins10110470

AMA Style

Leshem Y, King EM, Mazor R, Reiter Y, Pastan I. SS1P Immunotoxin Induces Markers of Immunogenic Cell Death and Enhances the Effect of the CTLA-4 Blockade in AE17M Mouse Mesothelioma Tumors. Toxins. 2018; 10(11):470. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins10110470

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leshem, Yasmin, Emily M. King, Ronit Mazor, Yoram Reiter, and Ira Pastan. 2018. "SS1P Immunotoxin Induces Markers of Immunogenic Cell Death and Enhances the Effect of the CTLA-4 Blockade in AE17M Mouse Mesothelioma Tumors" Toxins 10, no. 11: 470. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins10110470

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SS1P Immunotoxin Induces Markers of Immunogenic Cell Death and Enhances the Effect of the CTLA-4 Blockade in AE17M Mouse Mesothelioma Tumors

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