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Nutrients
Volume 16
Issue 21
10.3390/nu16213617
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Systematic Review

Magnesium and Potassium Supplementation for Systolic Blood Pressure Reduction in the General Normotensive Population: A Systematic Review and Subgroup Meta-Analysis for Optimal Dosage and Treatment Length

by
Benjamin J. Behers
1,2,*,
Brett M. Behers
3,
Christoph A. Stephenson-Moe
1,
Ian A. Vargas
2,
Zhuo Meng
4,
Anthony J. Thompson
1,
Julian Melchor
1,
Caroline N. Wojtas
2,
Manuel A. Rosario
2,
Joel F. Baker
2,
Alexander C. Deevers
5,
Roxann W. Mouratidis
1 and
Michael J. Sweeney
1
1
Department of Clinical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
2
Florida State University Internal Medicine Residency at Sarasota Memorial Hospital, Sarasota, FL 34239, USA
3
Department of Clinical Research, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
4
Department of Statistics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
5
Department of Clinical Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2024, 16(21), 3617; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16213617
Submission received: 15 August 2024 / Revised: 14 October 2024 / Accepted: 23 October 2024 / Published: 24 October 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Supplements and Chronic Diseases)
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Abstract

Background/Objectives: Studies have shown that consistent reductions of 2 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure (SBP) for the general normotensive population can result in significant decreases in mortality from heart disease and stroke. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine the optimal dose and duration of treatment for magnesium and potassium supplementation, having previously discovered that both reduce SBP by −2.79 and −2.10 mm Hg, respectively. Methods: Placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials examining the effects of magnesium and potassium supplementation on SBP were identified. Pairwise meta-analyses with subgroups for dosage and treatment duration were run. Results: Magnesium at dosages of ≤360 mg/day and durations greater than 3 months reduced SBP by −3.03 and −4.31 mm Hg, respectively. Potassium at dosages of ≤60 mmol/day and durations greater than 1 month reduced SBP by −2.34 and −2.80 mm Hg, respectively. Conclusions: Both supplements demonstrated greater reductions in SBP for the general population at lower dosages and longer treatment durations. Future studies are needed to validate these findings and provide tailored recommendations. These studies could investigate varying dosages over long-term follow-up to provide robust data on optimal dosages and treatment durations, as our findings were limited due to reliance on previously published trials.
Keywords: magnesium; potassium; nutraceuticals; heart disease; stroke; cardiovascular disease magnesium; potassium; nutraceuticals; heart disease; stroke; cardiovascular disease

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MDPI and ACS Style

Behers, B.J.; Behers, B.M.; Stephenson-Moe, C.A.; Vargas, I.A.; Meng, Z.; Thompson, A.J.; Melchor, J.; Wojtas, C.N.; Rosario, M.A.; Baker, J.F.; et al. Magnesium and Potassium Supplementation for Systolic Blood Pressure Reduction in the General Normotensive Population: A Systematic Review and Subgroup Meta-Analysis for Optimal Dosage and Treatment Length. Nutrients 2024, 16, 3617. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16213617

AMA Style

Behers BJ, Behers BM, Stephenson-Moe CA, Vargas IA, Meng Z, Thompson AJ, Melchor J, Wojtas CN, Rosario MA, Baker JF, et al. Magnesium and Potassium Supplementation for Systolic Blood Pressure Reduction in the General Normotensive Population: A Systematic Review and Subgroup Meta-Analysis for Optimal Dosage and Treatment Length. Nutrients. 2024; 16(21):3617. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16213617

Chicago/Turabian Style

Behers, Benjamin J., Brett M. Behers, Christoph A. Stephenson-Moe, Ian A. Vargas, Zhuo Meng, Anthony J. Thompson, Julian Melchor, Caroline N. Wojtas, Manuel A. Rosario, Joel F. Baker, and et al. 2024. "Magnesium and Potassium Supplementation for Systolic Blood Pressure Reduction in the General Normotensive Population: A Systematic Review and Subgroup Meta-Analysis for Optimal Dosage and Treatment Length" Nutrients 16, no. 21: 3617. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16213617

APA Style

Behers, B. J., Behers, B. M., Stephenson-Moe, C. A., Vargas, I. A., Meng, Z., Thompson, A. J., Melchor, J., Wojtas, C. N., Rosario, M. A., Baker, J. F., Deevers, A. C., Mouratidis, R. W., & Sweeney, M. J. (2024). Magnesium and Potassium Supplementation for Systolic Blood Pressure Reduction in the General Normotensive Population: A Systematic Review and Subgroup Meta-Analysis for Optimal Dosage and Treatment Length. Nutrients, 16(21), 3617. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16213617

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