Omega-3 Supplementation and Its Effects on Osteoarthritis
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Osteoarthritis
2.1. Prevalence
2.2. Genetics
2.3. Normal Cartilage
2.4. Osteoarthritic Cartilage
2.5. Joint Tissues Involved in Osteoarthritis
3. Inflammatory Process of Osteoarthritis
3.1. Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines
3.2. Pro-Inflammatory Chemokines
4. Anti-Inflammatory Process of Osteoarthritis
5. Fatty Acids
5.1. Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids
5.2. Anti-Inflammatory Processes of Omega-3 PUFAs
6. Supplementation
6.1. Fatty Acid Composition: Ratio of Omega-6 to Omega-3
6.2. Omega-3 Supplementation and Synovial Fluid
6.3. Omega-3 Supplementation and Chondrocytes
6.4. Omega-3 Supplementation and Pain, Stiffness, and Physical Function
6.5. Omega-3 Supplementation for OA with Comorbidities
6.6. Omega-3 Supplementation and Its Indirect Effects on OA
6.7. Omega-3 Supplementation in Combination with Other Nutraceuticals in OA
6.8. Diet Rich in Omega-3 and Osteoarthritis
7. Dietary Sources of Omega-3
8. Limitations
9. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Grade | Classification |
---|---|
0 | No evidence of OA, normal radiographic findings |
1 | Doubtful narrowing of the joint space with possible osteophyte formation |
2 | Possible narrowing of joint space with definite osteophyte formation |
3 | Definite narrowing of joint space, moderate osteophyte formation, some sclerosis, and possible deformity of bony ends |
4 | Large osteophyte formation, severe narrowing of the joint space, with marked sclerosis and definite deformity of bone ends |
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Shawl, M.; Geetha, T.; Burnett, D.; Babu, J.R. Omega-3 Supplementation and Its Effects on Osteoarthritis. Nutrients 2024, 16, 1650. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111650
Shawl M, Geetha T, Burnett D, Babu JR. Omega-3 Supplementation and Its Effects on Osteoarthritis. Nutrients. 2024; 16(11):1650. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111650
Chicago/Turabian StyleShawl, Megan, Thangiah Geetha, Donna Burnett, and Jeganathan Ramesh Babu. 2024. "Omega-3 Supplementation and Its Effects on Osteoarthritis" Nutrients 16, no. 11: 1650. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111650
APA StyleShawl, M., Geetha, T., Burnett, D., & Babu, J. R. (2024). Omega-3 Supplementation and Its Effects on Osteoarthritis. Nutrients, 16(11), 1650. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111650