Postprandial Glucose Variability Following Typical Meals in Youth Living with Type 1 Diabetes

Patton, Susana R.; Bergford, Simon; Sherr, Jennifer L.; Gal, Robin L.; Calhoun, Peter; Clements, Mark A.; Riddell, Michael C.; Martin, Corby K.

doi:10.3390/nu16010162

Open AccessArticle

Postprandial Glucose Variability Following Typical Meals in Youth Living with Type 1 Diabetes

by

Susana R. Patton

^1,*,

Simon Bergford

²,

Jennifer L. Sherr

³,

Robin L. Gal

²,

Peter Calhoun

²,

Mark A. Clements

⁴,

Michael C. Riddell

⁵

and

Corby K. Martin

⁶

¹

Nemours Children’s Health, Jacksonville, FL 32207, USA

²

Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, FL 33647, USA

³

Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA

⁴

Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA

⁵

Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J1P3, Canada

⁶

Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Nutrients 2024, 16(1), 162; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16010162

Submission received: 30 October 2023 / Revised: 19 December 2023 / Accepted: 27 December 2023 / Published: 4 January 2024

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition Managing in Pediatric Diabetes: Aspects and Challenges)

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Abstract

We explored the association between macronutrient intake and postprandial glucose variability in a large sample of youth living with T1D and consuming free-living meals. In the Type 1 Diabetes Exercise Initiative Pediatric (T1DEXIP) Study, youth took photographs before and after their meals on 3 days during a 10 day observation period. We used the remote food photograph method to obtain the macronutrient content of youth’s meals. We also collected physical activity, continuous glucose monitoring, and insulin use data. We measured glycemic variability using standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV) of glucose for up to 3 h after meals. Our sample included 208 youth with T1D (mean age: 14 ± 2 years, mean HbA1c: 54 ± 14.2 mmol/mol [7.1 ± 1.3%]; 40% female). We observed greater postprandial glycemic variability (SD and CV) following meals with more carbohydrates. In contrast, we observed less postprandial variability following meals with more fat (SD and CV) and protein (SD only) after adjusting for carbohydrates. Insulin modality, exercise after meals, and exercise intensity did not influence associations between macronutrients and postprandial glycemic variability. To reduce postprandial glycemic variability in youth with T1D, clinicians should encourage diversified macronutrient meal content, with a goal to approximate dietary guidelines for suggested carbohydrate intake.

Keywords: type 1 diabetes; pediatric diabetes; variability; glucose control; macronutrients

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MDPI and ACS Style

Patton, S.R.; Bergford, S.; Sherr, J.L.; Gal, R.L.; Calhoun, P.; Clements, M.A.; Riddell, M.C.; Martin, C.K. Postprandial Glucose Variability Following Typical Meals in Youth Living with Type 1 Diabetes. Nutrients 2024, 16, 162. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16010162

AMA Style

Patton SR, Bergford S, Sherr JL, Gal RL, Calhoun P, Clements MA, Riddell MC, Martin CK. Postprandial Glucose Variability Following Typical Meals in Youth Living with Type 1 Diabetes. Nutrients. 2024; 16(1):162. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16010162

Chicago/Turabian Style

Patton, Susana R., Simon Bergford, Jennifer L. Sherr, Robin L. Gal, Peter Calhoun, Mark A. Clements, Michael C. Riddell, and Corby K. Martin. 2024. "Postprandial Glucose Variability Following Typical Meals in Youth Living with Type 1 Diabetes" Nutrients 16, no. 1: 162. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16010162

APA Style

Patton, S. R., Bergford, S., Sherr, J. L., Gal, R. L., Calhoun, P., Clements, M. A., Riddell, M. C., & Martin, C. K. (2024). Postprandial Glucose Variability Following Typical Meals in Youth Living with Type 1 Diabetes. Nutrients, 16(1), 162. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16010162

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Postprandial Glucose Variability Following Typical Meals in Youth Living with Type 1 Diabetes

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