Effect of the Fermented Soy Q-CAN® Product on Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidation in Adults with Cardiovascular Risk, and Canonical Correlations between the Inflammation Biomarkers and Blood Lipids

Jung, Sarah M.; Kaur, Amandeep; Amen, Rita I.; Oda, Keiji; Rajaram, Sujatha; Sabatè, Joan; Haddad, Ella H.

doi:10.3390/nu15143195

Open AccessArticle

Effect of the Fermented Soy Q-CAN^® Product on Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidation in Adults with Cardiovascular Risk, and Canonical Correlations between the Inflammation Biomarkers and Blood Lipids

by

Sarah M. Jung

^1,2,

Amandeep Kaur

¹,

Rita I. Amen

¹,

Keiji Oda

¹,

Sujatha Rajaram

¹,

Joan Sabatè

¹

and

Ella H. Haddad

^1,*

¹

Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA

²

Rongxiang Xu College of Health and Human Services, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Nutrients 2023, 15(14), 3195; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15143195

Submission received: 13 June 2023 / Revised: 7 July 2023 / Accepted: 13 July 2023 / Published: 19 July 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds in the Prevention and Fight against Inflammation)

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Abstract

Systemic low-grade inflammation plays a key role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) but the process may be modulated by consuming fermented soy foods. Here, we aim to evaluate the effect of a fermented soy powder Q-CAN^® on inflammatory and oxidation biomarkers in subjects with cardiovascular risk. In a randomized crossover trial, 27 adults (mean age ± SD, 51.6 ± 13.5 y) with a mean BMI ± SD of 32.3 ± 7.3 kg/m² consumed 25 g daily of the fermented soy powder or an isoenergic control powder of sprouted brown rice for 12 weeks each. Between-treatment results showed a 12% increase in interleukin-1 receptor agonist (IL-1Ra) in the treatment group, whereas within-treatment results showed 23% and 7% increases in interleukin-6 (IL-6) and total antioxidant status (TAS), respectively. The first canonical correlation coefficient (r = 0.72) between inflammation markers and blood lipids indicated a positive association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and IL-1Ra with LDL-C and a negative association with HDL-C that explained 62% of the variability in the biomarkers. These outcomes suggest that blood lipids and inflammatory markers are highly correlated and that ingestion of the fermented soy powder Q-CAN^® may increase IL-1Ra, IL-6, and TAS in individuals with CVD risk factors.

Keywords: fermented soy product; hsCRP; IL-1β; IL-1Ra; TNF-α; haptoglobin; total antioxidant status; TBARS; canonical correlation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Jung, S.M.; Kaur, A.; Amen, R.I.; Oda, K.; Rajaram, S.; Sabatè, J.; Haddad, E.H. Effect of the Fermented Soy Q-CAN^® Product on Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidation in Adults with Cardiovascular Risk, and Canonical Correlations between the Inflammation Biomarkers and Blood Lipids. Nutrients 2023, 15, 3195. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15143195

AMA Style

Jung SM, Kaur A, Amen RI, Oda K, Rajaram S, Sabatè J, Haddad EH. Effect of the Fermented Soy Q-CAN^® Product on Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidation in Adults with Cardiovascular Risk, and Canonical Correlations between the Inflammation Biomarkers and Blood Lipids. Nutrients. 2023; 15(14):3195. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15143195

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jung, Sarah M., Amandeep Kaur, Rita I. Amen, Keiji Oda, Sujatha Rajaram, Joan Sabatè, and Ella H. Haddad. 2023. "Effect of the Fermented Soy Q-CAN^® Product on Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidation in Adults with Cardiovascular Risk, and Canonical Correlations between the Inflammation Biomarkers and Blood Lipids" Nutrients 15, no. 14: 3195. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15143195

APA Style

Jung, S. M., Kaur, A., Amen, R. I., Oda, K., Rajaram, S., Sabatè, J., & Haddad, E. H. (2023). Effect of the Fermented Soy Q-CAN^® Product on Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidation in Adults with Cardiovascular Risk, and Canonical Correlations between the Inflammation Biomarkers and Blood Lipids. Nutrients, 15(14), 3195. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15143195

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Effect of the Fermented Soy Q-CAN^® Product on Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidation in Adults with Cardiovascular Risk, and Canonical Correlations between the Inflammation Biomarkers and Blood Lipids

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