Food Sources of Dietary Potassium in the Adult Japanese Population: The International Study of Macro-/Micronutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP)

Okuda, Nagako; Okayama, Akira; Miura, Katsuyuki; Yoshita, Katsushi; Miyagawa, Naoko; Saitoh, Shigeyuki; Nakagawa, Hideaki; Sakata, Kiyomi; Chan, Queenie; Elliott, Paul; Ueshima, Hirotsugu; Stamler, Jeremiah

doi:10.3390/nu12030787

Open AccessArticle

Food Sources of Dietary Potassium in the Adult Japanese Population: The International Study of Macro-/Micronutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP)

by

Nagako Okuda

^1,*

,

Akira Okayama

²

,

Katsuyuki Miura

^3,4

,

Katsushi Yoshita

⁵,

Naoko Miyagawa

⁶

,

Shigeyuki Saitoh

⁷,

Hideaki Nakagawa

⁸,

Kiyomi Sakata

⁹,

Queenie Chan

¹⁰

,

Paul Elliott

¹⁰,

Hirotsugu Ueshima

^3,4 and

Jeremiah Stamler

¹¹ for the INTERMAP Research Group

¹

Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Human Arts and Sciences, Saitama 339-8539, Japan

²

Department of Non-Communicable Diseases, Research Institute of Strategy for Prevention, Tokyo 104-0033, Japan

³

Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan

⁴

Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan

⁵

Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Life Science and Nutrition, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan

⁶

International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan

⁷

School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan

⁸

Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa 920-0265, Japan

⁹

Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba 028-3694, Japan

¹⁰

MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK

¹¹

Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA

Show full affiliation list

Hide full affiliation list

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Nutrients 2020, 12(3), 787; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030787

Submission received: 17 February 2020 / Revised: 11 March 2020 / Accepted: 16 March 2020 / Published: 17 March 2020

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Potassium and Human Health)

Download Versions Notes

Abstract

A lower-than-recommended potassium intake is a well-established risk factor for increased blood pressure. Although the Japanese diet is associated with higher sodium intake and lower potassium intake, few studies have examined the source foods quantitatively. Studies on dietary patterns in association with potassium intake will be useful to provide dietary advice to increase potassium intake. Twenty-four-hour (hr) dietary recall data and 24-hr urinary potassium excretion data from Japanese participants (574 men and 571 women) in the International Study of Macro/Micronutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP) were used to calculate food sources of potassium and compare food consumption patterns among quartiles of participants categorized according to 24-hr urinary potassium excretion per unit of body weight (UK/BW). The average potassium intake was 2791 mg/day per participant, and the major sources were vegetables and fruits (1262 mg/day), fish (333 mg/day), coffee and tea (206 mg/day), and milk and dairy products (200 mg/day). Participants in the higher UK/BW quartile consumed significantly more vegetables and fruits, fish, and milk and dairy products, and ate less rice and noodles. Conclusion: Advice to increase the intake of vegetables and fruits, fish, and milk may be useful to increase potassium intake in Japan.

Keywords: nutrition; potassium intake; 24-hr urine; 24-hr dietary recall; Japan; epidemiology

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Okuda, N.; Okayama, A.; Miura, K.; Yoshita, K.; Miyagawa, N.; Saitoh, S.; Nakagawa, H.; Sakata, K.; Chan, Q.; Elliott, P.; et al. Food Sources of Dietary Potassium in the Adult Japanese Population: The International Study of Macro-/Micronutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP). Nutrients 2020, 12, 787. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030787

AMA Style

Okuda N, Okayama A, Miura K, Yoshita K, Miyagawa N, Saitoh S, Nakagawa H, Sakata K, Chan Q, Elliott P, et al. Food Sources of Dietary Potassium in the Adult Japanese Population: The International Study of Macro-/Micronutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP). Nutrients. 2020; 12(3):787. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030787

Chicago/Turabian Style

Okuda, Nagako, Akira Okayama, Katsuyuki Miura, Katsushi Yoshita, Naoko Miyagawa, Shigeyuki Saitoh, Hideaki Nakagawa, Kiyomi Sakata, Queenie Chan, Paul Elliott, and et al. 2020. "Food Sources of Dietary Potassium in the Adult Japanese Population: The International Study of Macro-/Micronutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP)" Nutrients 12, no. 3: 787. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030787

APA Style

Okuda, N., Okayama, A., Miura, K., Yoshita, K., Miyagawa, N., Saitoh, S., Nakagawa, H., Sakata, K., Chan, Q., Elliott, P., Ueshima, H., & Stamler, J., for the INTERMAP Research Group. (2020). Food Sources of Dietary Potassium in the Adult Japanese Population: The International Study of Macro-/Micronutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP). Nutrients, 12(3), 787. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030787

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Menu

Food Sources of Dietary Potassium in the Adult Japanese Population: The International Study of Macro-/Micronutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP)

Abstract

Share and Cite

Article Metrics

Article Access Statistics

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI