Diet Quality and Diet Diversity in Eight Latin American Countries: Results from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS)

Gómez, Georgina; Fisberg, Regina Mara; Nogueira Previdelli, Ágatha; Hermes Sales, Cristiane; Kovalskys, Irina; Fisberg, Mauro; Herrera-Cuenca, Marianella; Cortés Sanabria, Lilia Yadira; García, Martha Cecilia Yépez; Pareja Torres, Rossina Gabriella; Rigotti, Attilio; Guajardo, Viviana; Zalcman Zimberg, Ioná; Chinnock, Anne; Murillo, Ana Gabriela; Brenes, Juan Carlos; ELANS Study Group, on behalf of the

doi:10.3390/nu11071605

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Diet Quality and Diet Diversity in Eight Latin American Countries: Results from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS)

Georgina Gómez

^1,*

, Regina Mara Fisberg²

Ágatha Nogueira Previdelli

Cristiane Hermes Sales

Irina Kovalskys

^4,5

Mauro Fisberg

^6,7

Marianella Herrera-Cuenca

⁸

, Lilia Yadira Cortés Sanabria⁹, Martha Cecilia Yépez García¹⁰, Rossina Gabriella Pareja Torres¹¹,

Attilio Rigotti

¹²,

Viviana Guajardo

⁵, Ioná Zalcman Zimberg¹³

Anne Chinnock

¹⁴, Ana Gabriela Murillo¹, Juan Carlos Brenes¹⁵ and on behalf of the ELANS Study Group^†

Biochemistry department, School of Medicine, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica

Departamento de Nutrição, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 03178-200, Brazil

Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo 03166-000, Brazil

⁴

Faculty of Medicine, School of Nutrition, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Argentina, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1107AAZ, Argentina

⁵

Committee of Nutrition and Wellbeing, International Life Science Institute (ILSI-Argentina), Buenos Aires C1059ABF, Argentina

⁶

Instituto Pensi, Fundação José Egydio Setubal, Sabará Hospital Infantil, São Paulo 01239-040, Brazil

⁷

Departamento de Pediatria, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil

⁸

Centro de Estudios del Desarrollo, Universidad Central de Venezuela (CENDES-UCV)/Fundación Bengoa, Caracas 1010, Venezuela

⁹

Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110111, Colombia

¹⁰

Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito 17-1200-841, Ecuador

¹¹

Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, La Molina, Lima 15026, Peru

¹²

Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago 833-0024, Chile

¹³

School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia

¹⁴

School of Nutrition, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica

¹⁵

Institute for Psychological Research & Neuroscience Research Center, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica

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^†

Membership of the ELANS Study Group is provided in the Acknowledgments.

Nutrients 2019, 11(7), 1605; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11071605

Received: 5 June 2019 / Revised: 10 July 2019 / Accepted: 12 July 2019 / Published: 15 July 2019

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet Diversity and Diet Quality)

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Abstract

This study aimed to assess diet quality score (DQS), considering healthy and unhealthy foods and nutrients, and diet diversity score (DDS) as indicators of risk of noncommunicable diseases in eight Latin American countries, and to verify the possible differences considering country, sex, age, socioeconomic, and nutritional status. A multicenter household population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted with 9218 individuals (age range 15–65 years). Sociodemographic and anthropometric data were collected. Dietary intake was measured using two non-consecutive 24-h recalls and diet quality and diversity were assessed. In the whole sample, scores were observed from 63.0% ± 9.3% to total DQS, 65.0% ± 13.6% to healthy dietary items and 60.2% ± 13.6% to unhealthy items, and 5.6 ± 1.1 out of 9 points to DDS. Women presented lower DDS compared to men (5.5 ± 1.1 vs. 5.6 ± 1.1, p < 0.001). Healthy DQS was higher as the socio-economic level increased, and unhealthy DQS was the opposite (p < 0.05). Total DQS was significantly lower only at the low socio-economic level (p < 0.05). Chile and Venezuela showed the lowest healthy (62.2 ± 15.2 and 61.9 ± 11.7, p < 0.05) and total DQS (61.4 ± 10.3, 61.2 ± 8.7, p < 0.05). No effects were observed when considering the age and anthropometric measurements. Promoting consumption of a diverse and high-quality diet is an essential challenge to accomplish. View Full-Text

Keywords: cross-sectional study; diet quality; diet diversity; Latin America; nutrition; nutrition assessment; survey

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gómez, G.; Fisberg, R.M.; Nogueira Previdelli, Á.; Hermes Sales, C.; Kovalskys, I.; Fisberg, M.; Herrera-Cuenca, M.; Cortés Sanabria, L.Y.; García, M.C.Y.; Pareja Torres, R.G.; Rigotti, A.; Guajardo, V.; Zalcman Zimberg, I.; Chinnock, A.; Murillo, A.G.; Brenes, J.C.; ELANS Study Group, o.b.o.t. Diet Quality and Diet Diversity in Eight Latin American Countries: Results from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS). Nutrients 2019, 11, 1605. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11071605

AMA Style

Gómez G, Fisberg RM, Nogueira Previdelli Á, Hermes Sales C, Kovalskys I, Fisberg M, Herrera-Cuenca M, Cortés Sanabria LY, García MCY, Pareja Torres RG, Rigotti A, Guajardo V, Zalcman Zimberg I, Chinnock A, Murillo AG, Brenes JC, ELANS Study Group obot. Diet Quality and Diet Diversity in Eight Latin American Countries: Results from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS). Nutrients. 2019; 11(7):1605. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11071605

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gómez, Georgina, Regina M. Fisberg, Ágatha Nogueira Previdelli, Cristiane Hermes Sales, Irina Kovalskys, Mauro Fisberg, Marianella Herrera-Cuenca, Lilia Y. Cortés Sanabria, Martha C.Y. García, Rossina G. Pareja Torres, Attilio Rigotti, Viviana Guajardo, Ioná Zalcman Zimberg, Anne Chinnock, Ana G. Murillo, Juan C. Brenes, and on behalf of the ELANS Study Group. 2019. "Diet Quality and Diet Diversity in Eight Latin American Countries: Results from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS)" Nutrients 11, no. 7: 1605. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11071605

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