Salmon Fillet Intake Led to Higher Serum Triacylglycerol in Obese Zucker Fa/Fa Rats But Not in Normolipidemic Long-Evans Rats
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethical Statement
2.2. Design
2.3. Diets
2.4. Euthanasia and Sampling
2.5. Analyses of Diets
2.6. Analyses in Serum
2.7. Analyses of Fatty Acids in Serum Lipids
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Bodyweight, Growth, White Adipose Tissue Weight, and Energy and Fat Intake
3.2. Serum Analyses
3.3. Fatty Acids in Triacylglycerols and Phospholipids in Serum
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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g/kg Diet | Control Diet | Baked Salmon Diet |
---|---|---|
Casein protein 1 | 216.2 | 162.2 |
Freeze dried baked salmon 2 | - | 100.0 |
Cornstarch | 512.0 | 466.0 |
Sucrose | 90.0 | 90.0 |
Cellulose | 50.0 | 50.0 |
Soybean Oil | 70.0 | 70.0 |
t-Butylhydroquinone | 0.014 | 0.014 |
Mineral Mix (AIN-93-MX) | 35.0 | 35.0 |
Vitamin Mix (AIN-93-VX) | 10.0 | 10.0 |
L-Methionine | 1.60 | 1.60 |
L-Cystine | 3.0 | 3.0 |
Choline Bitartrate 3 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
Growth and Maintenance Supplement 4 | 10.0 | 10.0 |
g/kg Diet | Control Diet | Baked Salmon Diet |
---|---|---|
16:0 | 7.5 | 9.6 |
18:0 | 2.5 | 3.0 |
18:1n−7 | 0.87 | 1.6 |
18:1n−9 | 13.9 | 24.8 |
18:2n−6 | 32.7 | 34.5 |
18:3n−3 | 3.9 | 5.0 |
20:5n−3 | ND | 0.53 |
22:5n−3 | ND | 0.22 |
22:6n−3 | ND | 1.0 |
Zucker fa/fa Rats | Long-Evans Rats | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control Group | Baked Salmon Group | p Diets | Control Group | Baked Salmon Group | p Diets | |
Relative amount of WAT 1, g/100 g bodyweight | 7.43 ± 0.75 | 7.58 ± 0.80 | 0.77 | 4.97 ± 0.90 | 5.80 ± 1.32 | 0.23 |
Energy intake, kcal/24 h | 144 ± 17 | 126 ± 20 | 0.15 | 123 ± 18 | 122 ± 21 | 0.91 |
Fat intake, g/24 h | 2.7 ± 0.3 | 3.3 ± 0.5 | 0.045 | 2.3 ± 0.3 | 3.2 ± 0.5 | 0.0062 |
Zucker Fa/Fa Rats | Long-Evans Rats | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control Group | Baked Salmon Group | p Diets | Control Group | Baked Salmon Group | p Diets | |
Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 6.3 ± 0.6 | 4.9 ± 0.8 | 0.011 | 2.9 ± 0.3 | 2.8 ± 0.5 | 0.58 |
HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.3 ± 0.3 | 2.7 ± 0.2 | 4.4 × 10−8 | 2.5 ± 0.2 | 2.3 ± 0.2 | 0.18 |
LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.0025 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.21 |
Cholesteryl ester, mmol/L | 4.9 ± 0.5 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 0.0045 | 2.2 ± 0.2 | 2.2 ± 0.4 | 0.74 |
Total bile acids, umol/L | 46 ± 21 | 16 ± 7 | 0.0084 | 7 ± 5 | 5 ± 4 | 0.44 |
NEFA, mmol/L | 0.91 ± 0.13 | 0.84 ± 0.12 | 0.38 | 0.43 ± 0.18 | 0.19 ± 0.14 | 0.030 |
ApoB-100, ng/mL | 163 ± 53 | 96 ± 32 | 0.036 | 61 ± 6 | 68 ± 11 | 0.22 |
ApoB-48, ng/mL | 7 ± 3 | 10 ± 3 | 0.12 | 20 ± 3 | 21 ± 4 | 0.69 |
CRP, mg/mL | 1.18 ± 0.08 | 0.96 ± 0.14 | 0.014 | 0.96 ± 0.05 | 0.98 ± 0.07 | 0.62 |
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Vikøren, L.A.; Drotningsvik, A.; Mjøs, S.A.; Mellgren, G.; Gudbrandsen, O.A. Salmon Fillet Intake Led to Higher Serum Triacylglycerol in Obese Zucker Fa/Fa Rats But Not in Normolipidemic Long-Evans Rats. Nutrients 2018, 10, 1459. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101459
Vikøren LA, Drotningsvik A, Mjøs SA, Mellgren G, Gudbrandsen OA. Salmon Fillet Intake Led to Higher Serum Triacylglycerol in Obese Zucker Fa/Fa Rats But Not in Normolipidemic Long-Evans Rats. Nutrients. 2018; 10(10):1459. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101459
Chicago/Turabian StyleVikøren, Linn Anja, Aslaug Drotningsvik, Svein Are Mjøs, Gunnar Mellgren, and Oddrun Anita Gudbrandsen. 2018. "Salmon Fillet Intake Led to Higher Serum Triacylglycerol in Obese Zucker Fa/Fa Rats But Not in Normolipidemic Long-Evans Rats" Nutrients 10, no. 10: 1459. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101459