The Influence of Ocean Processes on Fine-Scale Changes in the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass Boundary Area Structure Based on Acoustic Observations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Survey Information
2.2. Date Collection
2.3. Acoustic Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Overview of Cruises in 2021 and 2022
3.2. Characteristics of DVM in Summer in the YS
3.3. Hydrological Structure of the YS Based on Acoustic Remote Sensing
3.4. Fine-Scale Variation in the YSCWM Water Structure
4. Discussion
4.1. The DVM of Zooplankton in Summer in the YS
4.2. The Potential Utilization of Acoustic Remote Sensing on Reflecting High-Resolution Ocean Structures
4.3. Mechanisms of the Influence of Key Ocean Processes on the YSCWM Structure
4.4. YS Boundary Area Hydrodynamic–Hydrologic–Ecological Variation Pattern
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- We observed significant high-frequency thermocline fluctuations at the YSCWM boundary; zooplankton were below the thermocline during the day and migrated above it at night;
- (2)
- Through the ground-truthing of CTD, the YS summer thermocline can be successfully detected using acoustic remote sensing;
- (3)
- Shear caused by internal waves and flood tides negatively weaken the stratification of the water column, which is more pronounced when the two mechanisms are concurrent (weakening of the thermocline by 0.5 °C/m); ebb tides have a positive effect on water column stratification. In the area of tidal fronts, tide-induced upwelling can also cause significant fluctuations in isotherms.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Start (UTC + 8) | End (UTC + 8) | Acoustic Equipment |
---|---|---|
24 June 2021 14:30 | 25 June 2021 07:30 | EK80 (120 kHz) |
1 June 2022 16:30 | 2 June 2022 13:00 | ADCP (300 kHz) |
2 June 2022 13:00 | 3 June 2022 14:30 |
Stations | 2021 Cruise Times (UTC + 8) | 2022 Cruise Times | Latitude (N) | Longitude (E) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Start | Return | ||||
1 | 24 June 18:15 | 1 June 18:56 | 3 June 09:29 | 35.28° | 120.27° |
2 | 24 June 21:00 | 1 June 20:41 | 3 June 07:51 | 35.25° | 120.57° |
3 | 24 June 21:36 | 1 June 23:14 | 2 June 22:42 | 35.22° | 121.01° |
4 | 24 June 22:00 | 1 June 23:46 | 2 June 22:06 | 35.22° | 121.10° |
5 | 24 June 22:31 | 2 June 00:18 | 2 June 21:29 | 35.21° | 121.18° |
6 | 24 June 23:00 | 2 June 00:51 | 2 June 20:52 | 35.21° | 121.26° |
7 | 24 June 23:32 | 2 June 01:25 | 2 June 20:16 | 35.21° | 121.35° |
8 | 25 June 00:01 | 2 June 02:03 | 2 June 19:38 | 35.21° | 121.43° |
9 | 25 June 00:30 | 2 June 02:41 | 2 June 18:57 | 35.20° | 121.51° |
10 | 25 June 05:00 | 2 June 07:07 | 2 June 14:57 | 35.19° | 122.00° |
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Nie, L.; Li, J.; Wu, H.; Zhang, W.; Tian, Y.; Liu, Y.; Sun, P.; Ye, Z.; Ma, S.; Gao, Q. The Influence of Ocean Processes on Fine-Scale Changes in the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass Boundary Area Structure Based on Acoustic Observations. Remote Sens. 2023, 15, 4272. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174272
Nie L, Li J, Wu H, Zhang W, Tian Y, Liu Y, Sun P, Ye Z, Ma S, Gao Q. The Influence of Ocean Processes on Fine-Scale Changes in the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass Boundary Area Structure Based on Acoustic Observations. Remote Sensing. 2023; 15(17):4272. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174272
Chicago/Turabian StyleNie, Lingyun, Jianchao Li, Hao Wu, Wenchao Zhang, Yongjun Tian, Yang Liu, Peng Sun, Zhenjiang Ye, Shuyang Ma, and Qinfeng Gao. 2023. "The Influence of Ocean Processes on Fine-Scale Changes in the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass Boundary Area Structure Based on Acoustic Observations" Remote Sensing 15, no. 17: 4272. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174272