Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning in Energy Management Systems, Control, and Optimization of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles

Round 1

Reviewer 1 Report (Previous Reviewer 2)

1.      The title of this article is not suitable and needs to be revised. Firstly, artificial intelligence includes machine learning. Secondly, energy system, control and optimization are not juxtaposed. Thirdly, the article introduces the artificial intelligence in the energy management system, which is not an energy system, and their meanings are different.

2.      The structure of the article is chaotic. First, there are two 2.1.1, which are fuel cell types and fuel cell system characteristics. Secondly, some parts have fewer words and many subheadings, such as the four-level headings in 2.1.2. Third, the affiliation between some titles is wrong. For example, in 2.2, Do fuel cell vehicles include electric vehicles? Fourth, there are two 2.2.1. The division of the content of the article can be improved.

3.      As the frontier research of energy management system, the research of fuel cell and battery co-decline is not reflected in 4.4 energy management system. It is better to include relevant research in your review, such as：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.12.135.

4.      The review should reflect the current research and existing problems in a certain field, and point out the possible research problems and development direction. However, some references in your article are still articles before 2018, so you should try to quote articles within 3 years to reflect the cutting-edge research.

Comments for author File: Comments.pdf

Author Response

Dear Reviewer, 

We appreciate you sending us your comments here are our responses:  

1. The title of this article is not suitable and needs to be revised. Firstly, artificial intelligence includes machine learning. Secondly, energy systems, control, and optimization are not juxtaposed. Thirdly, the article introduces artificial intelligence/machine learning in the energy management system, which is not an energy system, and their meanings are different.

Response: Thank you so much for your suggestion. We changed the title based on your advice. The new title is: Artificial Intelligence in Energy Management Systems, Control and Optimization of Hydrogen Fuel Cell.

2. The structure of the article is chaotic. First, there are two 2.1.1, which are fuel cell types and fuel cell system characteristics. Secondly, some parts have fewer words and many subheadings, such as the four-level headings in 2.1.2. Third, the affiliation between some titles is wrong. For example, in 2.2, Do fuel cell vehicles include electric vehicles? Fourth, there are two 2.2.1. The division of the content of the article can be improved.

Response: Thanks for your helpful comment. We tried to organize all the sections and modified all the section’s numbers.

3. As the frontier research of energy management system, the research of fuel cell and battery co-decline is not reflected in 4.4 energy management system. It is better to include relevant research in your review, such as：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.12.135.

Response: Thank you very much for the great comments. We added more references based on your suggestion. (page 26 line 864)

4. The review should reflect the current research and existing problems in a certain field, and point out the possible research problems and development direction. However, some references in your article are still articles before 2018, so you should try to quote articles within 3 years to reflect the cutting-edge research.

Response: Thank you very much for the suggestion. We modified all the references again.

Reviewer 2 Report (New Reviewer)

 

1.       The introduction should be improved with recent data on energy management systems in the operation of fuel cells in the automotive field. For example, the reference DOI: 10.3390/en14010252 deals very well with this field.

 2.       The numbering of several chapters and sub-chapters was done wrong.

 2.1.1 Fuel Cell Types

2.1.1 Fuel Cells System Characteristics 

 

3.       It is well known that only PEM fuel cells are used in automotive applications, so the information about the other types of fuel cells should be removed.

 4.       The paragraphs in lines 287-302 should be moved to the subchapter that talks about the operating principles of fuel cells. Beware of duplicate information!

 5.       “The working of a typical FC stack is shown in Figure 6.”  The statement in line 271 seems not to be the best.

 

6.       The inclusion of the Electric Vehicle subchapter in a Fuel Cell Vehicle chapter is not too happy!

 

7.       Powertrain configurations are briefly reviewed. For example, reference DOI: 10.3390/en11051294 deals with testing an actual fuel cell vehicle

 

 

8.       The sub-chapter Energy Management Strategy, it must be essential to establish its objectives. A reference in which these aspects are discussed is DOI: 10.3390/en15238922.

Author Response

Dear Reviewer, 

We appreciate you sending us your comments.  Here are our responses: 

1. The introduction should be improved with recent data on energy management systems in the operation of fuel cells in the automotive field. For example, the reference DOI: 10.3390/en14010252 deals very well with this field.

Response: Thank you very much for your suggestion. We modified the introduction again and added suggested references and other ones. (Page 2)

2. The numbering of several chapters and sub-chapters was done wrong.

 2.1.1 Fuel Cell Types

2.1.1 Fuel Cells System Characteristics 

 

Response: Thanks for your helpful comments. We checked all the numbering again and tried to put them in the correct order.

 

3. It is well known that only PEM fuel cells are used in automotive applications, so the information about the other types of fuel cells should be removed.

Response: Thank you very much for your evaluation and discussion. We tried to shorten the other sections. We want to have them in our paper to have a better look at the whole vehicle topography.

 

4. The paragraphs in lines 287-302 should be moved to the subchapter that talks about the operating principles of fuel cells. Beware of duplicate information!

Response: Thank you for your helpful comments. We modified the lines based on your suggestion. (Page 3 Line 108)

 

5. “The working of a typical FC stack is shown in Figure 6.”  The statement in line 271 seems not to be the best.

Response: Thanks for your suggestion. We corrected the statement. (Page 8 Line 288)

6. The inclusion of the Electric Vehiclesubchapter in a Fuel Cell Vehicle chapter is not too happy!

 Response: Thanks for your useful comment. We tried to make a good connection between these sections.

7. Powertrain configurations are briefly reviewed. For example, reference DOI: 10.3390/en11051294 deals with testing an actual fuel cell vehicle

 Response: Thanks for your comments. We added relative papers to enrich our paper.  (page 8)

8. The sub-chapter Energy Management Strategy, it must be essential to establish its objectives. A reference in which these aspects are discussed is DOI: 10.3390/en15238922.

Response: Thanks for your helpful comments. We enrich our manuscript with suggested papers and more. (Page 27 Line 867)

Reviewer 3 Report (New Reviewer)

This paper overviews the application of AI and ML in energy systems, control and energy management of HFCV. The topic is interesting. Some comments for authors' consideration to improve the paper:

- The authors have stated AI and ML separately in multiple places such as the title and the main text. However, I am confused about the difference of these two terms. They look almost the same thing to my understanding (maybe I am wrong). Can you further explain in the paper?

- The review would be more comprehensive if multi-agent system-based distributed energy management can be supplemented, which is also studied extensively recently, e.g., in 10.1109/TSG.2022.3210014 and 10.1109/PES.2010.5589910. However, this is not mandatory and the discretion is completely left to the authors.

- The future scope may be clearer if you could summarize 2~3 points as subtitles.

- A mindmap is helpful to help readers understand the logic in Section 4.

Author Response

Dear Reviewer, 

We appreciate you sending us your comments.  Here are our responses: 

This paper overviews the application of AI and ML in energy systems, control and energy management of HFCV. The topic is interesting. Some comments for authors' consideration to improve the paper:

- The authors have stated AI and ML separately in multiple places such as the title and the main text. However, I am confused about the difference of these two terms. They look almost the same thing to my understanding (maybe I am wrong). Can you further explain in the paper?

Response: Thank you very much for your evaluation and discussion. We changed the title of the paper because we thought artificial intelligence consists of machine learning and we don’t need to mention both in the title.

- The review would be more comprehensive if multi-agent system-based distributed energy management can be supplemented, which is also studied extensively recently, e.g., in 10.1109/TSG.2022.3210014 and 10.1109/PES.2010.5589910. However, this is not mandatory and the discretion is completely left to the authors.

Response: Thank you very much for your helpful comment.  We tried to add these two references and clarify more. (Page 30)

- The future scope may be clearer if you could summarize 2~3 points as subtitles.

Response: Thanks for your comments. We added 2 dot points to the future work section. (Page 35)

- A mindmap is helpful to help readers understand the logic in Section 4.

Response: Thanks for your comment. But we tried to explain all the sections with the same logic and compare all the methods in tables. So, we think adding a mindmap to just one section changes the logic of the whole paper.

 

Round 2

Reviewer 2 Report (New Reviewer)

My comments are all taken into account. I have no further comments and suggestions. I recommend accepting it for publication.

This manuscript is a resubmission of an earlier submission. The following is a list of the peer review reports and author responses from that submission.

Round 1

Reviewer 1 Report

This review paper summarizes previous research on Energy Management Systems Control in fuel cell Electric Vehicles. 

However, many parts of the paper consist of material previously known to the readers and can be found in books on hybrid and electric vehicles. This reviewer believes that:

1. Sections 2, 3, and 4 can be removed or shortened, to provide a review focusing on the main topic. 

2. The title of Section 2 is "Hybrid electric vehicles and their control", but misses any state-of-the-art discussion about control. 

3. Sub-sections of Section 5 are completely separate parts that seem to be glued to each other, without any discussion about their relationship.  

4. Although the authors have tried to provide a critical evaluation of the data available from existing studies in the form of Tables 1-10, but none of these tables are accompanied by a discussion by the authors about the relevant control methods. 

5. Despite expectations for reading fruitful discussions from the authors in Section 6, the remarks section also misses out on any discussion about the mentioned control methods in FCEVs and FCHEVs. This section mainly focuses on V2X technologies without elaborating on their immediate impacts on control strategies in FCEVs and FCHEVs. 

6. The readers would like to find a specific comparison of the performance of these control methods in FCEVs and FCHEVs, and suggestions for their improvement. 

Reviewer 2 Report

1. The content of the introduction is relatively small. It is recommended to add an introduction to enrich the structure of the article.

2. Tables 5 to 10 are relatively messy, and it is recommended to rearrange them. Figure 3 and Figure 16 are not clear, and the aesthetics of all the pictures in the article need to be improved.

3. The introduction of data-driven machine learning control system is relatively small, which is also a great research focus.

4. In terms of energy management, only rule-based and optimization-based ones are introduced, and learning-based ones are suggested to be added.

5. When introducing the structure of the fuel cell vehicle power system, you can directly classify the power source forms, and introduce the advantages and disadvantages.

6. The proportion of references in the past three years is relatively small, and it is recommended to increase. For example, in the thermal management of fuel cells, the Investigation of optimal operating temperature for the PEMFC and its tracking control for energy saving in vehicle applications (https://doi .org/10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114842), etc., in terms of fuel cell air path, Enhancing heat dissipation to improve efficiency of two-stage electric air compressor for fuel cell vehicle (https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.enconman.2021.115007) and Heat dissipation enhancement structure design of two-stage electric air compressor for fuel cell vehicles considering efficiency improvement (https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127259), etc.

Reviewer 3 Report

General feedback:

• Content itself is very well structured, flow diagramms help with that
• What is the actual research question in this study?
• The paper is only a list of existing studies from the literature >> Please consider to classify the studies according meaningful criteria and consider to discuss the findings from the respective studies against each other (no conclustions have been derived at all)
• Paper is way too long >> Consider the to shorten the paper. E.g. by removing the tables which summarize the text. The text contains already all the information and the tables are not a real summary >> no added value of the tables

 

Incremental feedback:

• 55-57: 85% from fuel energy into thermal radiation?
• 72 Added value of the state-of-the-art?
• 132: What is a "Mid-HEV"? >> Please define
• 156: Table 1 has only limited added value >> Consider to delete to reduce total size of the paper
• 176: No comma after "Since"
• 210: Introduce the abbreviation "AV"
• 213: "climate-changing or smog-forming pollution" >> Try to use more formal formulations e.g. greenhouse gase missions (GHE) and pollutants
• 221: Stay consistent in usage of abbreviations (e.g. ICE / ICEV)
• 227: "FCEVs are identified as the zero-emission vehicle" is a repetition >> Consider to delete
• 207: Consider to add a battery FCEV schematic overview (Figure 7)
• 244: Figure 8 contains basically the same information as Figure 7 >> Consider to delete
• 245-254: No added value >> Consider to delte
• 474: "communation" meant to be "communication"?
• 489: "… discharging, and discharging modes?" >> One discharging to be changed to charging?
• 491: In the study by Smai et al. the validation was done by simulation only. This is presented as both a PRO and a CON without sufficient justification.
• 491: The presented studies in Chapter 5.1 are not discussed against each other / no conclusions have been derived
• 1051: Check conclusion on spelling and writing