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Pharmaceutics
  • Retraction
  • Open Access

23 May 2025

RETRACTED: Ahmad et al. Quantification and Evaluations of Catechin Hydrate Polymeric Nanoparticles Used in Brain Targeting for the Treatment of Epilepsy. Pharmaceutics 2020, 12, 203

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1
Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 314441, Saudi Arabia
2
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 314441, Saudi Arabia
3
Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 314441, Saudi Arabia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
The journal retracts the article “Quantification and Evaluations of Catechin Hydrate Polymeric Nanoparticles Used in Brain Targeting for the Treatment of Epilepsy” [1] cited above.
Following publication, concerns were brought to the attention of the Editorial Office regarding a high level of similarity between the images and graphs presented in this publication [1] and nine other articles [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10], produced by a similar authorship group.
Adhering to our standard procedure, an investigation was conducted by the Editorial Office and Editorial Board that confirmed a high level of similarity between Figure 5A in [1] and Figure 3A in [2], and between Figure 8 in [1] and Figure 7A, Figure 2A, Figure 5A, Figure 5A, Figure 6A, Figure 5A, Figure 6, and Figure 5A in [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. While the authors cooperated during the investigation, they were unable to satisfactorily explain the overlap, nor provide appropriate raw material for Editorial Board evaluation. Consequently, the Editorial Board has lost confidence in the reliability of the findings and decided to retract this publication [1], as per MDPI’s retraction policy (https://www.mdpi.com/ethics#_bookmark30).
This retraction was approved by the Editor-in-Chief of the journal Pharmaceutics.
The authors did not provide a comment on this decision.

References

  1. Ahmad, N.; Ahmad, R.; Alrasheed, R.A.; Almatar, H.M.A.; Al-Ramadan, A.S.; Amir, M.; Sarafroz, M. RETRACTED: Quantification and Evaluations of Catechin Hydrate Polymeric Nanoparticles Used in Brain Targeting for the Treatment of Epilepsy. Pharmaceutics 2020, 12, 203. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  2. Ahmad, N.; Ahmad, R.; Alrasheed, R.A.; Almatar, H.M.A.; Al-Ramadan, A.S.; Buheazah, T.M.; AlHomoud, H.S.; Al-Nasif, H.A.; Alam, A. A Chitosan-PLGA based catechin hydrate nanoparticles used in targeting of lungs and cancer treatment. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 2020, 27, 2344–2357. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  3. Ahmad, N.; Alam, A.; Ahmad, F.J.; Sarafroz; Ansari, K.; Sharma, S.; Amir, M. Ultrasonication techniques used for the preparation of novel Eugenol-Nanoemulsion in the treatment of wounds healings and anti-inflammatory. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol. 2018, 46, 461–473. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  4. Ahmad, N.; Ahmad, F.J.; Bedi, S.; Sharma, S.; Umar, S.; Ansari, M.A. A novel Nanoformulation Development of Eugenol and their treatment in inflammation and periodontitis. Saudi Pharm. J. 2019, 27, 778–790. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  5. Ahmad, N.; Ahmad, R.; Alam, A.; Ahmad, F.J.; Alam, A. Quantification and Brain Targeting of Eugenol-Loaded Surface Modified Nanoparticles Through Intranasal Route in the Treatment of Cerebral Ischemia. Drug Res. 2018, 68, 584–595. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  6. Ahmad, N.; Ahmad, R.; Alam, A.; Ahmad, F.J.; Amir, M.; Pottoo, F.H.; Sarafroz; Jafar, M.; Umar, K. Daunorubicin oral bioavailability enhancement by surface coated natural biodegradable macromolecule chitosan based polymeric nanoparticles. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2019, 128, 825–838. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  7. Ahmad, N.; Ahmad, R.; Alam, A.; Ahmad, F.J.; Rub, R.A. Quantification and Evaluation of Glycyrrhizic Acid-loaded Surface Decorated Nanoparticles by UHPLC-MS/MS and used in the Treatment of Cerebral Ischemia. Curr. Pharm. Anal. 2019, 16, 24–39. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  8. Ahmad, N.; Ahmad, R.; Al-Qudaihi, A.; Alaseel, S.E.; Fita, I.Z.; Khalid, M.S.; Pottoo, F.H.; Bolla, S.R. RETRACTED ARTICLE: A novel self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system for curcumin used in the treatment of wound healing and inflammation. 3 Biotech 2019, 9, 1–20. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  9. Ahmad, N.; Ahmad, R.; Buheazaha, T.M.; AlHomoud, H.S.; Al-Nasif, H.A.; Sarafroz, M. A comparative ex vivo permeation evaluation of a novel 5-Fluorocuracil nanoemulsion-gel by topically applied in the different excised rat, goat, and cow skin. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 2020, 27, 1024–1040. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  10. Ahmad, N.; Ahmad, R.; Al Qatifi, S.; Alessa, M.; Al Hajji, H.; Sarafroz. A bioanalytical UHPLC based method used for the quantification of Thymoquinone-loaded-PLGA-nanoparticles in the treatment of epilepsy. BMC Chem. 2020, 14, 1–15. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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