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Volume 18
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10.3390/ma18235265
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Article

Characteristics of Tungsten Prepared by Hot Pressing at High Pressure

by
Jiří Matějíček
1,*,
Monika Vilémová
1,
Andrii Rednyk
1,
Hynek Hadraba
2,
Zdeněk Chlup
2,
František Lukáč
1,
Romain Génois
1 and
Jakub Klečka
1
1
Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, U Slovanky 1a, 18200 Praha, Czech Republic
2
Institute of Physics of Materials of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Žižkova 22, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2025, 18(23), 5265; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18235265
Submission received: 16 October 2025 / Revised: 12 November 2025 / Accepted: 19 November 2025 / Published: 21 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Influence of Processing Parameters on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Metals)
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Abstract

Tungsten is a prime candidate material for the plasma-facing components of fusion reactors, thanks to its high melting point, high temperature strength, good thermal conductivity, high erosion resistance, etc. Yet, it has some limitations, mainly its brittle nature, difficulty of machining, and propensity to recrystallize at elevated temperatures. Among the approaches to the improvement of particular properties are alloying, dispersion strengthening, thermomechanical processing, and modifications to the sintering process. This study explores the possibility of combining fine powder size with ultra-high pressure to achieve significant densification at moderate temperatures during hot pressing. Two powder sizes and a range of temperatures from 1000 to 2000 °C were used, and their effects were observed. The resulting tungsten compacts were characterized for their microstructure, density, and mechanical and thermal properties. The high pressure enabled substantial densification already at relatively low temperatures, thanks to the plastic deformation of the powder particles. A significant degree of sintering, as manifested by the microstructural and property evolution, occurred however only at higher temperatures. The compacts exhibited brittleness, calling for further optimization of the method.
Keywords: tungsten; hot pressing; plasma facing materials; powder metallurgy tungsten; hot pressing; plasma facing materials; powder metallurgy

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MDPI and ACS Style

Matějíček, J.; Vilémová, M.; Rednyk, A.; Hadraba, H.; Chlup, Z.; Lukáč, F.; Génois, R.; Klečka, J. Characteristics of Tungsten Prepared by Hot Pressing at High Pressure. Materials 2025, 18, 5265. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18235265

AMA Style

Matějíček J, Vilémová M, Rednyk A, Hadraba H, Chlup Z, Lukáč F, Génois R, Klečka J. Characteristics of Tungsten Prepared by Hot Pressing at High Pressure. Materials. 2025; 18(23):5265. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18235265

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matějíček, Jiří, Monika Vilémová, Andrii Rednyk, Hynek Hadraba, Zdeněk Chlup, František Lukáč, Romain Génois, and Jakub Klečka. 2025. "Characteristics of Tungsten Prepared by Hot Pressing at High Pressure" Materials 18, no. 23: 5265. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18235265

APA Style

Matějíček, J., Vilémová, M., Rednyk, A., Hadraba, H., Chlup, Z., Lukáč, F., Génois, R., & Klečka, J. (2025). Characteristics of Tungsten Prepared by Hot Pressing at High Pressure. Materials, 18(23), 5265. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18235265

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