Electrospinning of PCL-Based Blends: Processing Optimization for Their Scalable Production
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Electrospun PCL-Based Mats Preparation
2.3. Electrospun PCL-Based Mats Characterization
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Optimization of the Electrospinning Processing-Window
3.2. Electrospun PCL-MCC and PCL-PHB Mats Characterization
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Formulations | PCL (%) | MCC (%) | PHB (%) |
---|---|---|---|
PCL100 | 100 | - | - |
PCL99-MCC1 | 99 | 1 | - |
PCL95-MCC5 | 95 | 5 | - |
PCL90-MCC10 | 90 | 10 | - |
PCL99-PHB1 | 99 | - | 1 |
PCL95-PHB5 | 95 | - | 5 |
PCL90-PHB10 | 90 | - | 10 |
Run | Qp (mL/h) | Qs (mL/h) | V+ (kV) | V− (kV) | Fiber Diameter (nm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | No fiber formation |
II | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 150 ± 10 |
III | 1 | 1 | 4 | 7 | No fiber formation |
IV | 1 | 1 | 4 | 10 | No fiber formation |
V | 1 | 1 | 7 | 4 | No fiber formation |
VI | 1 | 1 | 7 | 7 | No fiber formation |
VII | 1 | 1 | 7 | 10 | No fiber formation |
VIII | 1 | 1 | 10 | 4 | 190 ± 20 |
IX | 1 | 1 | 10 | 7 | Beads formation |
X | 0.5 | 0.5 | 10 | 10 | Beads formation |
XI | 0.5 | 1 | 10 | 10 | Beads formation |
XII | 0.5 | 3 | 10 | 10 | No fiber formation |
XIII | 0.5 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 210 ± 20 |
XIV | 1 | 0.5 | 10 | 10 | 200 ± 10 |
XV | 1 | 1 | 10 | 10 | 140 ± 10 |
XVI | 1 | 3 | 10 | 10 | Beads formation |
XVII | 1 | 5 | 10 | 10 | Beads formation |
XVIII | 3 | 1 | 10 | 10 | 220 ± 10 |
XIX | 3 | 3 | 10 | 10 | 300 ± 20 |
XX | 5 | 0.5 | 10 | 10 | Beads formation |
XXI | 5 | 1 | 10 | 10 | Beads formation |
XXII | 5 | 5 | 10 | 10 | Beads formation |
Formulations | T5% (°C) | TmaxPHB (°C) | TmaxPCL (°C) | TgPCL (°C) | TmPCL (°C) | ΔHmPCL (°C) | TmPHB (°C) | ΔHmPHB (°C) | χc (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PCL100 | 377.2 ± 0.8 | - | 419.3 ± 0.6 | −62 ± 2 | 61.4 ± 0.4 | 79.3 ± 0.5 | - | - | 53.6 |
PCL99-MCC1 | 356.0 ± 1 | - | 405.4 ± 0.5 | −64 ± 3 | 63.3 ± 0.5 | 71.1 ± 0.3 | - | - | 48.5 |
PCL95-MCC5 | 319.4 ± 0.6 | - | 354.1 ± 0.9 | −63 ± 1 | 63.3 ± 0.4 | 72.0 ± 0.2 | - | - | 51.2 |
PCL90-MCC10 | 355.2 ± 1.1 | - | 416.2 ± 1.0 | −63 ± 1 | 63.8 ± 0.3 | 73.0 ± 0.1 | - | - | 54.7 |
PCL99-PHB1 | 376.0 ± 0.7 | 273.5 ± 0.5 | 418.3 ± 0.7 | −63 ± 1 | 63.0 ± 0.1 | 68.2 ± 0.4 | 172.4 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 47.2 |
PCL95-PHB5 | 287.1 ± 0.3 | 271.6 ± 0.9 | 416.1 ± 0.2 | −62 ± 2 | 64.3 ± 0.5 | 73.1 ± 0.2 | 173.4 ± 0.5 | 3.8 ± 0.2 | 54.7 |
PCL90-PHB10 | 255.3 ± 0.9 | 260.50.7 | 408.1 ± 0.9 | −62 ± 1 | 64.2 ± 0.3 | 62.0 ± 0.1 | 175.7 ± 0.7 | 6.0 ± 0.5 | 51.0 |
Formulations | Young Modulus (MPa) | Variation with Respect to PCL (%) | σ (MPa) | Variation with Respect to PCL (%) | ε (%) | Variation with Respect to PCL (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PCL100 | 17.2 ± 7.2 a | - | 5.8 ± 2.3 a | - | 52.9 ± 6.6 a | - |
PCL99-MCC1 | 36.5 ± 16.5 b,c,d | 212 | 6.8 ± 3.2 a | 117 | 47.8 ± 4.0 a,b | 90 |
PCL95-MCC5 | 47.1 ± 15.4 b,d | 274 | 5.2 ± 2.2 a | 89 | 32.0 ± 4.3 b | 60 |
PCL90-MCC10 | 37.8 ± 4.6 b,c,e | 220 | 4.7 ± 0.9 a | 81 | 44.5 ± 8.4 a,b | 84 |
PCL99-PHB1 | 42.6 ± 14.3 d | 248 | 6.1 ± 2.1 a | 105 | 48.8 ± 8.5 a,b | 92 |
PCL95-PHB5 | 32.7 ± 16.1 a,c | 190 | 6.8 ± 1.3 a | 117 | 95.6 ± 19.9c | 181 |
PCL90-PHB10 | 21.2 ± 3.8 a,e | 123 | 5.2 ± 0.9 a | 89 | 98.7 ± 19.3c | 187 |
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Arrieta, M.P.; Leonés Gil, A.; Yusef, M.; Kenny, J.M.; Peponi, L. Electrospinning of PCL-Based Blends: Processing Optimization for Their Scalable Production. Materials 2020, 13, 3853. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13173853
Arrieta MP, Leonés Gil A, Yusef M, Kenny JM, Peponi L. Electrospinning of PCL-Based Blends: Processing Optimization for Their Scalable Production. Materials. 2020; 13(17):3853. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13173853
Chicago/Turabian StyleArrieta, Marina P., Adrián Leonés Gil, Maysa Yusef, José M. Kenny, and Laura Peponi. 2020. "Electrospinning of PCL-Based Blends: Processing Optimization for Their Scalable Production" Materials 13, no. 17: 3853. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13173853