Autogenous Fiber Laser Welding of 316L Austenitic and 2304 Lean Duplex Stainless Steels
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Non-Destructive Tests
3.2. Destructive Tests
3.2.1. Static Tensile Test
3.2.2. Bending Test
3.2.3. Macro- and Microscopic Examinations
3.2.4. Microhardness Measurements
3.2.5. Ferrite Content Measurements and Calculations
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material | Value | C | Si | Mn | Ni | Cr | Mo | Cu | N | S | P | Creq | Nieq |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
316L | min | 0.000 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 10.00 | 16.50 | 2.00 | - | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
max | 0.030 | 0.75 | 2.0 | 13.00 | 18.00 | 2.50 | - | 0.100 | 0.015 | 0.045 | |||
analysis | 0.024 | 0.43 | 1.3 | 10.02 | 16.74 | 2.04 | - | 0.026 | 0.003 | 0.028 | 19.43 | 11.39 | |
2304 | min | 0.000 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.5 | 22.0 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||
max | 0.030 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 5.5 | 24.0 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.20 | 0.015 | 0.035 | |||
analysis | 0.027 | 0.4 | 1.4 | 4.9 | 23.4 | 0.39 | 0.32 | 0.14 | 0.001 | 0.029 | 24.39 | 6.41 |
Material | Value | Rp0.2 (MPa) | Rm (MPa) | A50 (%) | λ (W/(m·K)) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
316L | min | 220 | 530 | 40 | 16.2 |
max | 680 | ||||
2304 | min | 400 | 630 | 25 | 14.3 |
max | 800 |
No Specimen | Cross-Section Area (mm2) | Maximum Loading Force (kN) | Tensile Strength, Rm (MPa) | Place of Fracture |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 170.7 | 104 | 609 | Base material 316L |
2 | 170.7 | 101 | 592 | Base material 316L |
Place of Measure | Ferrite Content (%) | Average Value | Standard Deviation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
316L | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.23 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.01 |
2304 | 43.4 | 45.6 | 45.4 | 44.3 | 45.3 | 49.7 | 45.62 | 2.17 |
Weld face | 13.9 | 12.6 | 13.0 | 14.9 | 11.3 | 12.0 | 12.95 | 1.30 |
Weld root | 19.1 | 18.3 | 23.5 | 19.4 | 23.2 | 22.0 | 20.92 | 2.26 |
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Landowski, M.; Świerczyńska, A.; Rogalski, G.; Fydrych, D. Autogenous Fiber Laser Welding of 316L Austenitic and 2304 Lean Duplex Stainless Steels. Materials 2020, 13, 2930. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13132930
Landowski M, Świerczyńska A, Rogalski G, Fydrych D. Autogenous Fiber Laser Welding of 316L Austenitic and 2304 Lean Duplex Stainless Steels. Materials. 2020; 13(13):2930. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13132930
Chicago/Turabian StyleLandowski, Michał, Aleksandra Świerczyńska, Grzegorz Rogalski, and Dariusz Fydrych. 2020. "Autogenous Fiber Laser Welding of 316L Austenitic and 2304 Lean Duplex Stainless Steels" Materials 13, no. 13: 2930. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13132930