Industrial Waste Treatment by ETS-10 Ion Exchanger Material
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Characterization
2.3. Preparation of the Samples and Aqueous Systems
2.4. Ion Exchanger Procedures
3. Results
3.1. Characterization of Zinc Ferrite
3.1.1. ICP-MS: Elementary Analysis
3.1.2. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis
3.1.3. X-ray Diffraction Analysis
3.1.4. Thermal Analysis
3.1.5. pH and Conductivity
3.2. Removal of Elements Released by Zinc Ferrite in Aqueous Systems by ETS-10 Ion Exchanger
3.3. Comparison between the ETS-10 Phase and Commercial Zeolite A (LTA) in the Removal of Metals from Water Contaminated by Zinc Ferrite
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Systems | Time (h) | System Composition |
---|---|---|
1A | 0.5 | 5 g Zinc ferrite + 100 mL H2O |
2A | 1.0 | |
3A | 1.5 | |
4A | 2.0 | |
1B | 0.5 | 5 g Zinc ferrite + 10 g ETS-10 + 100 mL H2O |
2B | 1.0 | |
3B | 1.5 | |
4B | 2.0 | |
1C | 0.5 | 5 g Zinc ferrite + 10 g zeolite A + 100 mL H2O |
2C | 1.0 | |
3C | 1.5 | |
4C | 2.0 |
Element | Concentration (mg/L) | % Weight |
---|---|---|
Fe | 1168.000 | 23.360 |
Zn | 768.000 | 15.360 |
Pb | 265.000 | 5.300 |
Ca | 103.000 | 2.060 |
Mn | 59.800 | 1.196 |
Al | 31.300 | 0.626 |
Mg | 19.000 | 0.380 |
Cu | 15.300 | 0.306 |
Na | 14.800 | 0.296 |
Sr | 11.100 | 0.222 |
K | 8.000 | 0.160 |
Cd | 3.070 | 0.061 |
Ba | 1.950 | 0.039 |
In | 1.130 | 0.026 |
Ni | 0.559 | 0.011 |
Cr | 0.549 | 0.011 |
Ga | 0.450 | 0.009 |
Co | 0.302 | 0.006 |
Li | 0.020 | 4 × 10−4 |
Rb | 0.018 | 3.6 × 10−4 |
Cs | 0.009 | 1.8 × 10−4 |
Peak | 2theta (degree) | Intensity (cps) | d-Spacing |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 29.8 | 227.1429 | 2.5546 |
2 | 35.1 | 440.1429 | 2.9957 |
3 | 61.98 | 190.3463 | 1.4961 |
Concentration (µg/L) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Time | 0.5 h | 1.0 h | 1.5 h | 2.0 h |
Zn | 1006.045 | 1081.831 | 1035.219 | 1012.561 |
Ca | 365.153 | 387.416 | 384.632 | 363.531 |
Mn | 188.840 | 198.733 | 192.026 | 189.617 |
Na | 98.691 | 101.962 | 96.040 | 95.917 |
Mg | 81.840 | 86.480 | 81.676 | 80.522 |
K | 18.829 | 30.309 | 18.367 | 16.780 |
Fe | 3.683 | 3.387 | 4.505 | 4.158 |
Pb | 1.124 | 1.681 | 1.759 | 1.459 |
Element | Wt % Released |
---|---|
Na | 6.48 × 10–2 |
Mg | 4.24 × 10–2 |
Ca | 3.26 × 10–2 |
Mn | 3.17 × 10–2 |
K | 2.09 × 10–2 |
Zn | 1.32 × 10–2 |
Pb | 5.47 × 10–5 |
Fe | 3.55 × 10–5 |
Concentration (µg/L) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Time | 0.5 h | 1.0 h | 1.5 h | 2.0 h |
Na | 1878.497 | 1993.856 | 2199.830 | 2247.248 |
K | 354.221 | 328.855 | 370.959 | 418.133 |
Ca | 253.976 | 243.594 | 252.010 | 161.564 |
Mg | 59.750 | 58.485 | 62.748 | 52.624 |
Zn | 6.389 | 0.753 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Mn | 5.250 | 3.490 | 3.399 | 2.678 |
Fe | 3.308 | 3.182 | 1.706 | 1.211 |
Pb | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Element | Efficiency | |
---|---|---|
ETS-10 | Zeolite A | |
Pb | 100.00% | 69.10% |
Zn | 97.71% | 84.95% |
Mn | 97.65% | 54.38% |
Fe | 10.45% | 10.70% |
Ca | 30.22% | 32.41% |
Mg | 26.98% | 29.61% |
Element | Efficiency | |
---|---|---|
ETS-10 | Hydrated Radii (Å) [73] | |
Pb2+ | 100.00% | 4.01 |
Zn2+ | 97.71% | 4.30 |
Mn2+ | 97.65% | 4.38 |
Fe2+/Fe3+ | 10.45% | 4.28/4.57 |
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De Luca, P.; Bernaudo, I.; Elliani, R.; Tagarelli, A.; Nagy, J.B.; Macario, A. Industrial Waste Treatment by ETS-10 Ion Exchanger Material. Materials 2018, 11, 2316. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11112316
De Luca P, Bernaudo I, Elliani R, Tagarelli A, Nagy JB, Macario A. Industrial Waste Treatment by ETS-10 Ion Exchanger Material. Materials. 2018; 11(11):2316. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11112316
Chicago/Turabian StyleDe Luca, Pierantonio, Ivano Bernaudo, Rosangela Elliani, Antonio Tagarelli, Jànos B. Nagy, and Anastasia Macario. 2018. "Industrial Waste Treatment by ETS-10 Ion Exchanger Material" Materials 11, no. 11: 2316. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11112316