A Data-Driven Analysis of Work-Related Accidents in the Brazilian Mining Sector (2019–2022)
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
- Selection and database collection: This step involved identifying and selecting which sources were going to be used. The reliability of the sources and the relevance of the data for analysis were verified, including the dates of the information, how they were categorized, and finally, extracting the data.
- Data cleaning and processing: After the selection, the data were prepared for analysis. This process included data cleaning, aimed at correcting inconsistencies, handling missing values, and removing duplicates, ensuring quality and reliability for the analysis.
- Initial analysis: To preliminarily understand the data, initial handling was conducted to better comprehend how each dataset behaved individually.
- Development of visualizations: This stage involved creating various charts and tables, using Python graphing libraries such as Matplotlib, as well as other software, like Power BI. The objective was to validate and choose the best way to visualize the data among several possible options.
- Analysis and interpretations: The generated visualizations were analyzed to extract significant insights regarding accidents and fatalities in the mining sector. This analysis focused on identifying risk areas, critical periods, and common types of accidents, providing a solid foundation for future discussions and in-depth studies.
2.1. Database Selection
2.2. Data Cleaning and Processing
2.3. Initial Analysis
2.3.1. Categorization
2.3.2. Table Relationship
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Brazilian Mining Sector Overview
3.2. Brumadinho Disaster
3.3. Accidents by Gender
3.4. Age Analysis
3.5. Temporal Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Causal Agent Category | Agent Type | Description |
---|---|---|
Entrapment | Physical | Entrapment of limbs or the entire body between objects or resulting from collapses. |
Storage | Physical | Includes containers (barrels, boxes, crates, etc.), equipment (tanks, silos, barns, etc.), and storage facilities. |
Friction/Abrasion | Physical | Abrasions from various sources (handling of equipment, vibrations, compressions, etc.). |
Ceramics | Physical | Objects made of ceramic materials such as dishes, bricks, glassware, and others. |
Fuels/Oils/Flammables | Chemical | Alcohol, gasoline, paraffin, and other oils. |
Building/Structure | Physical | Accidents caused by structures where workers may pass through or work on, including scaffolding, ladders, bridges, viaducts, excavations, etc. |
Energies | Physical | Includes accidents caused by exposure to different forms of energy, such as electrical, thermal, or mechanical, including electric shocks or exposure to extreme temperatures. |
Exertion | Ergonomic | Accidents in this category are related to injuries caused by excessive physical exertion, such as lifting, pushing, or pulling heavy objects. |
Tools | Physical | Includes incidents involving the use of manual or mechanical tools. |
Machinery | Physical | Accidents related to large machinery or other heavy equipment used in various operations. |
Furniture | Physical | Includes accidents associated with furniture and accessories. |
Other Equipment | Physical | A collection of various types of equipment that do not fit into other categories, including electrical and lighting equipment. |
Pollution | Chemical | Refers to accidents caused by exposure to environmental pollutants, such as noise, air, and water pollution. |
Product/Material | Physical | Includes incidents related to the handling or exposure to various final/intermediate products or raw materials. |
Fall/Impact | Physical | Accidents resulting from falls or impacts, including people falling or colliding with or from objects. |
Reflex | Ergonomic | Categorizes accidents that occur as reactions to involuntary or voluntary movements that result in injury. |
Unclassified | N/A | Not classified. |
Living Being | Biological | Includes accidents involving animals or other living organisms, such as bites, attacks, or parasitism. |
Aggressive Substance | Chemical | Includes incidents of exposure to substances that can cause direct harm, such as acids, alkalis, or toxic compounds. |
Vehicle | Physical | Accidents related to the use or handling of vehicles of any type, motorized or not. |
Affected Body Parts Category | Description |
---|---|
Head | Includes all injuries to the head, covering the skull, brain, and multiple parts of the head. |
Upper Limbs | Includes injuries to the upper limbs, including shoulders, arms, forearms, elbows, hands, and fingers. |
Lower Limbs | Covers all injuries to the lower limbs, including thighs, knees, legs, ankles, and toes. |
Trunk | Includes injuries to the abdomen, back, chest, hips, and pelvis, considering both the external surface and internal organs. |
Systems/Apparatuses | Includes injuries affecting entire bodily systems, such as the respiratory, digestive, circulatory, urinary, musculoskeletal, and nervous systems. |
Receptors | Includes injuries to sensory organs, such as eyes, ears, nose, and mouth. |
Nature of the Injury Category | Description |
---|---|
Trauma/Muscular | Includes fractures, bruises, crush injuries, strains, sprains, dislocations, inflammations of joints, tendons, or muscles, and immediate injuries. |
Infectious Disease | Covers contagious or infectious diseases and unspecified general morbid conditions. |
Cutaneous | Groups cuts, lacerations, abrasions, thermal burns or scalds, dermatoses, and chemical burns. |
Permanent Damage | Includes multiple injuries, loss or impairment of senses, such as hearing or vision, amputations, and conditions resulting in permanent loss of function or sensation. |
Substance/Energy | Includes electric shocks, poisonings, immediate or delayed effects of radiation, pneumoconiosis, and other effects of harmful substances or energies. |
Breathlessness | This category is dedicated to asphyxia, strangulation, drowning, and other conditions that impair adequate breathing. |
Mining Sector Employer |
---|
Extraction of Minerals |
Extraction of Ores |
Extraction of Precious Metal Ores |
Extraction of Non-Metallic Minerals Not Specified |
Manufacture of Non-Metallic Mineral Products |
Extraction of Aluminum Ores |
Extraction of Minerals for Fertilizer Production |
Extraction of Iron Ore |
Extraction of Non-Ferrous Metallic Minerals |
Support Activities for Mineral Extraction |
Extraction of Coal |
Extraction of Manganese Ore |
Extraction of Radioactive Minerals |
Extraction of Tin Ore |
Age Group (Years) | Age Group Order |
---|---|
Up to 17 | 1 |
18 to 24 | 2 |
25 to 34 | 3 |
35 to 44 | 4 |
45 to 54 | 5 |
55 to 64 | 6 |
65 or more | 7 |
Year | Brazil | Mining |
---|---|---|
2019 | 474,597 | 1168 |
2020 | 391,107 | 787 |
2021 | 435,939 | 1354 |
2022 | 572,373 | 1902 |
Total | 1,874,016 | 5211 |
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Share and Cite
Oliveira, J.; Ayres da Silva, A.L.M. A Data-Driven Analysis of Work-Related Accidents in the Brazilian Mining Sector (2019–2022). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22, 939. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22060939
Oliveira J, Ayres da Silva ALM. A Data-Driven Analysis of Work-Related Accidents in the Brazilian Mining Sector (2019–2022). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2025; 22(6):939. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22060939
Chicago/Turabian StyleOliveira, João, and Anna Luiza Marques Ayres da Silva. 2025. "A Data-Driven Analysis of Work-Related Accidents in the Brazilian Mining Sector (2019–2022)" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 22, no. 6: 939. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22060939
APA StyleOliveira, J., & Ayres da Silva, A. L. M. (2025). A Data-Driven Analysis of Work-Related Accidents in the Brazilian Mining Sector (2019–2022). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 22(6), 939. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22060939