Cross-Sectional Associations between Body Mass Index and Hyperlipidemia among Adults in Northeastern China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Data Collection and Measurements
2.3. Definitions
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflict of Interest
References
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Variable | n | Hyperlipidemia | Non-Hyperlipidemia | χ2 | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | ||||
Gender | 7.166 | 0.007 | |||||
Female | 11,098 | 5572 | 50.9 | 5526 | 52.7 | ||
Male | 10,337 | 5379 | 49.1 | 4958 | 47.3 | ||
Region | 18.788 | <0.001 | |||||
Urban | 11,152 | 5539 | 50.6 | 5613 | 53.5 | ||
Rural | 10,283 | 5412 | 49.4 | 4871 | 46.5 | ||
District | 136.344 | <0.001 | |||||
Middle | 13,322 | 6433 | 58.7 | 6889 | 65.7 | ||
East | 4104 | 2171 | 19.8 | 1933 | 18.4 | ||
West | 4009 | 2347 | 21.4 | 1662 | 15.9 | ||
Ethnicity | 3.950 | 0.047 | |||||
Han | 19,865 | 10,111 | 92.3 | 9754 | 93.0 | ||
Other | 1570 | 840 | 7.7 | 730 | 7.0 | ||
Education | 134.481 | <0.001 | |||||
Primary school or below | 6236 | 3440 | 31.4 | 2796 | 26.7 | ||
Junior high school | 6125 | 3069 | 28.0 | 3056 | 29.1 | ||
Senior high school | 5559 | 2921 | 26.7 | 2638 | 25.2 | ||
College and above | 3515 | 1521 | 13.9 | 1994 | 19.0 | ||
Marital status | 455.081 | <0.001 | |||||
Married or cohabit | 18,316 | 9613 | 87.8 | 8703 | 83.0 | ||
Never married | 1693 | 470 | 4.3 | 1223 | 11.7 | ||
Divorced | 388 | 201 | 1.8 | 187 | 1.8 | ||
Widowed | 1038 | 667 | 6.1 | 371 | 3.5 | ||
Main occupation | 425.563 | <0.001 | |||||
Unemployed | 2653 | 1482 | 13.5 | 1171 | 11.2 | ||
Mental workers | 4369 | 1973 | 18.0 | 2396 | 22.9 | ||
Manual workers | 12,046 | 5858 | 53.5 | 6188 | 59.0 | ||
Retired | 2367 | 1638 | 15.0 | 729 | 7.0 | ||
Average monthly earnings a | 59.992 | <0.001 | |||||
<500 | 4304 | 2350 | 21.5 | 1954 | 18.6 | ||
500~ | 3959 | 2059 | 18.8 | 1900 | 18.1 | ||
1000~ | 7049 | 3628 | 33.1 | 3421 | 32.6 | ||
2000~ | 3983 | 1945 | 17.8 | 2038 | 19.4 | ||
3000~ | 2140 | 969 | 8.8 | 1171 | 11.2 | ||
Smoking | 99.722 | <0.001 | |||||
Never smoked | 12,992 | 6307 | 57.6 | 6685 | 63.8 | ||
Former smoker | 6723 | 3628 | 33.1 | 3095 | 29.5 | ||
Current smoker | 1720 | 1016 | 9.3 | 704 | 6.7 | ||
Drinking | 15.127 | <0.001 | |||||
No | 14,607 | 7330 | 66.9 | 7277 | 69.4 | ||
Yes | 6828 | 3621 | 33.1 | 3207 | 30.6 | ||
Exercise | 165.482 | <0.001 | |||||
Often | 6386 | 3689 | 33.7 | 2697 | 25.7 | ||
Sometimes | 5220 | 2467 | 22.5 | 2753 | 26.3 | ||
Never or rarely | 9829 | 4795 | 43.8 | 5034 | 48.0 | ||
Central obesity | 1730.612 | <0.001 | |||||
No | 10,766 | 3978 | 36.3 | 6788 | 64.7 | ||
Yes | 10,669 | 6973 | 63.7 | 3696 | 35.3 | ||
Family history b | 2.202 | 0.138 | |||||
No | 20,494 | 10,448 | 95.4 | 10,046 | 95.8 | ||
Yes | 941 | 503 | 4.6 | 438 | 4.2 | ||
GHQ-12 | 0.586 | 0.444 | |||||
No distress | 16,356 | 8380 | 76.5 | 7976 | 76.1 | ||
Distress | 5079 | 2571 | 23.5 | 2508 | 23.9 | ||
Diabetes | |||||||
No | 19,479 | 9480 | 86.6 | 9999 | 95.4 | 500.924 | <0.001 |
Yes | 1956 | 1471 | 13.4 | 485 | 4.6 | ||
Hypertension | |||||||
No | 13,924 | 5936 | 54.2 | 7988 | 76.2 | 1137.581 | <0.001 |
Yes | 7511 | 5015 | 45.8 | 2496 | 23.8 |
Variable | Hyperlipidemia (n = 10,951) | Non-Hyperlipidemia (n = 10,484) | Z | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 51 (42–59) | 43 (33–53) | −37.421 | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.029 (22.823–27.3995) | 22.977 (20.727–25.044) | −42.684 | <0.001 |
Waist (cm) | 85.300 (79.000–92.000) | 79.000 (72.000–85.000) | −46.686 | <0.001 |
Hip (cm) | 96.000 (92.000–101.000) | 94.000 (89.000–97.475) | −29.716 | <0.001 |
Model | BMI | B c | S.E. d | Wald | p | OR (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariate | <18.5 | −0.792 | 0.078 | 104.196 | <0.001 | 0.453 (0.389–0.527) |
18.5~ | 1.000 | |||||
24.0~ | 1.008 | 0.031 | 1025.644 | <0.001 | 2.741 (2.577–2.916) | |
30.0~ | 1.233 | 0.063 | 379.395 | <0.001 | 3.430 (3.030–3.883) | |
p value for trend p < 0.001 | ||||||
Model I a | <18.5 | −0.695 | 0.081 | 73.860 | <0.001 | 0.499 (0.426–0.585) |
18.5~ | 1.000 | |||||
24.0~ | 0.951 | 0.032 | 865.523 | <0.001 | 2.587 (2.428–2.756) | |
30.0~ | 1.285 | 0.065 | 393.025 | <0.001 | 3.614 (3.183–4.104) | |
p value for trend p < 0.001 | ||||||
Model II b | <18.5 | −0.316 | 0.086 | 13.337 | <0.001 | 0.729 (0.616–0.864) |
18.5~ | 1.000 | |||||
24.0~ | 0.501 | 0.042 | 142.217 | <0.001 | 1.651 (1.520–1.793) | |
30.0~ | 0.539 | 0.083 | 42.235 | <0.001 | 1.714 (1.457–2.017) | |
p value for trend p < 0.001 |
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Rao, W.; Su, Y.; Yang, G.; Ma, Y.; Liu, R.; Zhang, S.; Wang, S.; Fu, Y.; Kou, C.; Yu, Y.; et al. Cross-Sectional Associations between Body Mass Index and Hyperlipidemia among Adults in Northeastern China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 516. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13050516
Rao W, Su Y, Yang G, Ma Y, Liu R, Zhang S, Wang S, Fu Y, Kou C, Yu Y, et al. Cross-Sectional Associations between Body Mass Index and Hyperlipidemia among Adults in Northeastern China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016; 13(5):516. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13050516
Chicago/Turabian StyleRao, Wenwang, Yingying Su, Guang Yang, Yue Ma, Rui Liu, Shangchao Zhang, Shibin Wang, Yingli Fu, Changgui Kou, Yaqin Yu, and et al. 2016. "Cross-Sectional Associations between Body Mass Index and Hyperlipidemia among Adults in Northeastern China" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 5: 516. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13050516