Relationship between Trace Element in Tumor and Prognosis in Lung Cancer Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Method of the Current Study
2.2. Patient Population
2.3. Mutational Status Analysis
2.4. PIXE Analysis
2.5. Statistics and Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patients
3.2. Characteristics
3.3. Disease-Free Survival (DFS)
3.4. Overall Survival (OS)
3.5. Correlation between Tumor Tissue and Nontumor Tissue
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cr (High) | Cr (Low) | Mn (High) | Mn (Low) | Fe (High) | Fe (Low) | Co (High) | Co (Low) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 129 | 91 | 38 | 57 | 72 | 92 | 37 | 79 | 50 |
Age | ||||||||
75≤ | 33 (36%) | 10 (26%) | 19 (33%) | 24 (33%) | 31 (34%) | 12 (32%) | 23 (29%) | 20 (40%) |
<75 | 58 (64%) | 28 (74%) | 38 (67%) | 48 (67%) | 61 (66%) | 25 (68%) | 56 (71%) | 30 (60%) |
Sex | ||||||||
Male | 59 (64%) | 19 (50%) | 43 (75%) | 35 (49%) | 58 (63%) | 20 (54%) | 52 (66%) | 26 (52%) |
Female | 32 (36%) | 19 (50%) | 14 (35%) | 37 (51%) | 44 (37%) | 17 (46%) | 27 (34%) | 24 (48%) |
Smoking status | ||||||||
Current or former | 54 (59%) | 14 (37%) | 36 (63%) | 32 (44%) | 53 (58%) | 15 (41%) | 51 (65%) | 17 (34%) |
Never | 37 (41%) | 24 (64%) | 21 (37%) | 40 (56%) | 39 (42%) | 22 (59%) | 28 (35%) | 33 (66%) |
Staging | ||||||||
II≤ | 24 (26%) | 11 (29%) | 12 (21%) | 23 (32%) | 21 (23%) | 14 (38%) | 20 (25%) | 15 (30%) |
I | 67 (74%) | 27 (71%) | 45 (79%) | 49 (68%) | 71 (77%) | 23 (62%) | 59 (75%) | 35 (70%) |
Histologic features | ||||||||
Adeno | 83 (91%) | 27 (71%) | 51 (89%) | 59 (82%) | 89 (97%) | 11 (30%) | 76 (96%) | 34 (68%) |
Squamous | 8 (9%) | 11 (29%) | 6 (11%) | 13 (18%) | 3 (3%) | 16 (70%) | 3 (4%) | 16 (32%) |
EGFR mutation | ||||||||
(+) | 7 (8%) | 13 (34%) | 7 (12%) | 13 (18%) | 14 (15%) | 6 (16%) | 5 (6%) | 15 (30%) |
(−) | 84 (92%) | 25 (66%) | 50 (88%) | 59 (82%) | 78 (85%) | 31 (84%) | 74 (94%) | 35 (70%) |
Cu (High) | Cu (Low) | Zn (High) | Zn (Low) | Se (High) | Se (Low) | Mo (High) | Mo (Low) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 129 | 101 | 28 | 101 | 28 | 64 | 65 | 56 | 73 |
Age | ||||||||
75≤ | 35 (35%) | 8 (32%) | 31 (31%) | 12 (43%) | 22 (34%) | 21 (32%) | 19 (34%) | 24 (33%) |
<75 | 66 (65%) | 20 (68%) | 70 (69%) | 16 (57%) | 42 (66%) | 44 (68%) | 37 (66%) | 49 (67%) |
Sex | ||||||||
Male | 61 (60%) | 17 (61%) | 59 (58%) | 19 (68%) | 43 (67%) | 35 (54%) | 33 (59%) | 45 (62%) |
Female | 40 (40%) | 11 (39%) | 42 (42%) | 9 (32%) | 21 (33%) | 30 (46%) | 23 (41%) | 28 (38%) |
Smoking status | ||||||||
Current or former | 52 (51%) | 16 (57%) | 52 (51%) | 16 (57%) | 37 (58%) | 31 (48%) | 33 (59%) | 35 (48%) |
Never | 49 (49%) | 12 (43%) | 49 (49%) | 12 (43%) | 27 (42%) | 34 (52%) | 23 (41%) | 38 (52%) |
Staging | ||||||||
II≤ | 28 (28%) | 7 (25%) | 26 (26%) | 9 (32%) | 14 (22%) | 21 (32%) | 13 (23%) | 22 (30%) |
I | 73 (72%) | 21 (75%) | 75 (74%) | 19 (68%) | 50 (78%) | 44 (68%) | 43 (77%) | 51 (70%) |
Histologic features | ||||||||
Adeno | 97 (96%) | 13 (46%) | 99 (98%) | 11 (39%) | 59 (92%) | 51 (78%) | 46 (82%) | 64 (88%) |
Squamous | 4 (4%) | 15 (54%) | 2 (2%) | 17 (61%) | 5 (8%) | 14 (22%) | 10 (8%) | 9 (12%) |
EGFR mutation | ||||||||
(+) | 19 (19%) | 1 (4%) | 14 (14%) | 6 (21%) | 6 (9%) | 14 (22%) | 5 (9%) | 15 (21%) |
(−) | 82 (81%) | 27 (96%) | 87 (86%) | 22 (79%) | 58 (91%) | 51 (78%) | 51 (91%) | 58 (79%) |
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Saikawa, H.; Nagashima, H.; Cho, K.; Chiba, R.; Sera, K.; Shigeeda, W.; Tomoyasu, M.; Deguchi, H.; Takahashi, F.; Saito, H.; et al. Relationship between Trace Element in Tumor and Prognosis in Lung Cancer Patients. Medicina 2021, 57, 209. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57030209
Saikawa H, Nagashima H, Cho K, Chiba R, Sera K, Shigeeda W, Tomoyasu M, Deguchi H, Takahashi F, Saito H, et al. Relationship between Trace Element in Tumor and Prognosis in Lung Cancer Patients. Medicina. 2021; 57(3):209. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57030209
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaikawa, Hirotaka, Hiromi Nagashima, Katsuya Cho, Ryosuke Chiba, Koichiro Sera, Wataru Shigeeda, Makoto Tomoyasu, Hiroyuki Deguchi, Fumiaki Takahashi, Hajime Saito, and et al. 2021. "Relationship between Trace Element in Tumor and Prognosis in Lung Cancer Patients" Medicina 57, no. 3: 209. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57030209