The Role of Brassinosteroids in Controlling Plant Height in Poaceae: A Genetic Perspective
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Dissection of BR Biosynthesis in Maize, Rice, and Barley through Mutant Analysis
3. From BR Signal Perception to the Regulation of Cell Elongation Processes
4. BR–GA Interaction in Controlling Plant Height
5. Conclusions and Remarks
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Oryza sativa | Zea mays | Hordeum vulgare | Arabidopsis thaliana | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gene Product | Gene Symbol | Gene ID | Gene Symbol | Gene ID | Gene Symbol | Gene ID | Gene Symbol | Gene ID |
C-24 sterol reductase | OsBRD2 | Os10g0397400 | na2/ZmDWF1 | Zm00001d014887 | HvDIM | KF318307 | AtDIM/AtDWF1 | AT3G19820 |
C3-oxidase | OsCYP90D2/OsD2 | Os01g0197100 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
C-22 α hydroxylase | OsCYP724B1/OsDWARF11/OsD11 | Os04g0469800 | brs1/ZmDWF4 | Zm00001d028325 | n.d. | n.d. | AtCYP90B1/AtDWF4 | AT3G50660 |
OsCYP90B2/OsDWARF4 | Os03g0227700 | |||||||
5α Reductase | OsDET2 | Os01g0851600 | na1/Zmdet2 | Zm00001d042843 | n.d. | n.d. | AtDET2/AtDWF6 | AT2G38050 |
Os11g0184100 | ||||||||
C-23α-hydroxylase/C-3 dehydrogenase | OsCYP90A3/OsCPD1 | Os11g0143200 | n.d. | n.d. | CYP90A1/HvCPD | KF360233 | AtCYP90A1/AtCPD/AtDWF3 | AT5G05690 |
OsCYP90A4/OsCPD2 | Os12g0139300 | |||||||
C-23 hydroxylases | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | AtCYP90C1/AtROT3 | AT4G36380 |
AtCYP90D1 | AT3G13730 | |||||||
Brassinosteroid-6-oxidase 1 | OsCYP85A1/OsDWARF/OsBRD1 | Os03g0602300 | lil1/Zmbrd1 | Zm00001d033180 | HvBRD | KF318308 | AtCYP85A1/AtBR6ox1 | AT5G38970 |
Brassinosteroid-6-oxidase 2 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | AtCYP85A2/AtBR6ox2 | AT3G30180 |
Oryza sativa | Zea mays | Hordeum vulgare | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gene Product | Gene Symbol | Mutant Allele | Mutant Phenotype | Gene Symbol | Mutant Allele | Mutant Phenotype | Gene Symbol | Mutant Allele | Mutant Phenotype |
C-24 sterol reductase | OsBRD2 | brd2 | Moderate dwarf seedlings and severe dwarf adult plant, defective root elongation, dark-green and erect leaves, shortened leaf sheaths, malformed panicles and shorter grains. | na2/ZmDWF1 | na2 | Extreme dwarf, feminized tassels, reduced branching, upright leaves. | HvDIM | ari-o; brh; brh14; brh16; ert-u; ert-zd | Semidwarf, breviaristatum, brachytic, short culm, erect and upright leaves. |
C3-oxidase | OsD2 | d2 | Mild semidwarf, erect leaves, shorter grains. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
C-22 α hydroxylase | OsD11 | d11 | Semidwarf, erect leaves, shortening of the second internode in culm, reduced grain length. | brs1/ZmDWF4 | n.d. | In Arabidopsis, constitutive expression of ZmDWF4 complements DWF4 mutants. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
OsDWARF4 | dwarf4 | Slightly dwarfed stature, erect leaves without abnormal leaf, flower and grain morphology. | |||||||
5α Reductase | OsDET2 | n.d. | n.d. | na1/Zmdet2 | na1 | Dwarf, reduction of internode length, erect leaves, feminizes male flowers. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
C-23α-hydroxylase/C-3 dehydrogenase | OsCPD1 | oscpd1 | No BR-deficient phenotype. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | HvCPD | brh13; brh18 | Semidwarf, brachytic, short culm, erect and upright growth. |
OsCPD2 | n.d. | n.d. | |||||||
C-23 hydroxylases | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
Brassinosteroid-6-oxidase 1 | OsBRD1 | brd1 | Extreme dwarfism, completely defective in internode elongation, short leaf sheaths, short curled and frizzled leaf blades, defective root elongation, no panicles or rarely small and sterile seeds. | lil1/Zmbrd1 | brd1; lil1 | Severe dwarfism, feminized tassels, reduced branching, upright leaves. | HvBRD | ari-u; brh3; ert-t | Semidwarf, breviaristatum, brachytic, short culm, erect and upright leaves. |
Brassinosteroid-6-oxidase 2 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
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Castorina, G.; Consonni, G. The Role of Brassinosteroids in Controlling Plant Height in Poaceae: A Genetic Perspective. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 1191. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041191
Castorina G, Consonni G. The Role of Brassinosteroids in Controlling Plant Height in Poaceae: A Genetic Perspective. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(4):1191. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041191
Chicago/Turabian StyleCastorina, Giulia, and Gabriella Consonni. 2020. "The Role of Brassinosteroids in Controlling Plant Height in Poaceae: A Genetic Perspective" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 4: 1191. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041191