Exogenous Oestrogen Impacts Cell Fate Decision in the Developing Gonads: A Potential Cause of Declining Human Reproductive Health
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Impact of Oestrogenic Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on Reproductive Health
3. The Function of Oestrogen in the Mammalian Gonad
4. Molecular Control of Gonad Differentiation
4.1. Testis Development
4.2. Ovarian Development
4.3. Antagonism between Pro-Testis and Pro-Ovarian Factors Drives Sex Determination
5. Targets of Oestrogen in the Gonad
5.1. Non-Genomic Targets of Oestrogen in the Gonad
5.2. Genomic Targets of Oestrogen in the Gonad
6. Conclusions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
DSDs | Differences of sexual development |
EDCs | Endocrine disrupting chemicals |
TDS | Testicular dysgenesis syndrome |
POI | Premature ovarian insufficiency |
PCOS | Polycystic ovary syndrome |
ER | Oestrogen receptor |
NT2/D1 | NTERA-2 clone D1 |
SOX9 | Sex-determining region Y box transcription factor 9 |
SRY | Sex-determining region Y |
AMH | Anti-Mullerian hormone |
FGF9 | Fibroblast growth factor |
PTGDS | Prostaglandin D synthase |
SF1 | Steroidogenic factor 1 |
FOXL2 | Forkhead box L2 |
RSPO1 | R-spondin 1 |
WNT4 | Wnt family member 4 |
FST | Follistatin |
BMP2 | Bone morphogenetic protein 2 |
ERK1/2 | Extracellular regulated kinases 1/2 |
MAP3K | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase |
GATA4 | GATA binding protein 4 |
RHOA | Ras homolog family member A |
ROCK | Rho-associated coiled coil containing protein kinase |
RAC1 | Rac family small GTPase 1 |
GSK3β | Glycogen synthase kinase 3β |
FRAT1 | FRAT regulator of Wnt signalling pathway 1 |
GADD45γ | Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein γ |
PKA | Protein kinase A |
AKT | AKT serine/threonine kinase |
PAK1 | p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 1 |
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Stewart, M.K.; Mattiske, D.M.; Pask, A.J. Exogenous Oestrogen Impacts Cell Fate Decision in the Developing Gonads: A Potential Cause of Declining Human Reproductive Health. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 8377. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218377
Stewart MK, Mattiske DM, Pask AJ. Exogenous Oestrogen Impacts Cell Fate Decision in the Developing Gonads: A Potential Cause of Declining Human Reproductive Health. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(21):8377. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218377
Chicago/Turabian StyleStewart, Melanie K., Deidre M. Mattiske, and Andrew J. Pask. 2020. "Exogenous Oestrogen Impacts Cell Fate Decision in the Developing Gonads: A Potential Cause of Declining Human Reproductive Health" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21: 8377. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218377