Multifunctional Eco-Friendly Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Green Synthesized ZnONPs Characterization
2.2. Thermal Stability of Biosynthesized ZnONPs
2.3. Antibacterial Activity
2.3.1. Bacteriostatic and Bactericidal Estimation
2.3.2. Morphological Changes under SEM
2.4. Antibacterial Activity of ZnONPs Using Various Plant Biomasses
2.5. Antioxidant Potential of ZnONPs
2.6. Photocatalytic Influence of ZnONPs
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Collection of Oat Biomass
3.2. Materials and Solvents
3.3. Bacterial Strains and Nutritional Matrices
3.4. Preparation of Aqueous Oat Biomass Extract
3.5. Preparation of ZnONPs Using Oat Biomass Extract
3.6. Spectroscopic and Microscopic Characterization
3.7. Antibacterial Activity
3.8. Bacteriostatic and Bactericidal Estimation
3.9. Microscopic Study of P. aeruginosa and E. coli
3.10. Antioxidants
3.11. Photocatalysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Bacterial Strains | Inhibition Zone (mm) at Different Concentrations | Positive Control Tetracycline 25 µg mL−1 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
ZnONPs (Oat Biomass) | ||||
10 µg mL−1 | 20 µg mL−1 | 30 µg mL−1 | ||
P. aeruginosa | 14 | 15 | 17 | 17 |
E. coli | 13 | 16 | 16 | 16 |
B. subtilis | 8 | 11 | 11 | 13 |
S. aureus | 10 | 10 | 12 | 18 |
Negative control Milli-Q water | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Sample Concentration (µg mL−1) | CFU mL−1 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
P. aeruoginosa | E. coli | B. subtilis | S. aureus | |
Control | TNTC * | TNTC * | TNTC * | TNTC * |
5 | TNTC * | TNTC * | TNTC * | TNTC * |
10 | TNTC * | TNTC * | TNTC * | TNTC * |
20 | TNTC * | TNTC * | TNTC * | TNTC * |
40 | TNTC * | TNTC * | TNTC * | TNTC * |
80 | TNTC * | TNTC * | TNTC * | TNTC * |
160 | 2 × 102 | 3 × 103 | 5 × 105 | 4 × 104 |
320 | NIL ** | 2 × 102 | 245 | 135 |
640 | NIL ** | NIL ** | 5 | 2 |
Serial. No. | Plant Name | Extraction Part | Size of ZnONPs XRD (nm) | Particle Shape | Phytochemicals (Functional Groups) | Type of Pathogens | MIC (μg mL−1) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Azadirachta indica | Leaves | 18 | Spherical | -OH, C=O, -NH, -COOH | Staphylococcusaureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus mirabilis Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis | 6.25–50 | [70] |
2 | Nephelium lappaceum | Fruit peels | 50.95 | Needle shape | -OH, H-O-H | Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli | — | [71] |
3 | Pongamia pinnata | Leaves | 26 | Spherical, hexagonal, nanorods | -OH, C=O, -C-O-H, -COOH | Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli. | 100 | [72] |
4 | Berberis aristata | Leaves | 5–25 | Needle shape | -OH, -COOH, -NH, -C-H, -C=C | Bacillus subtilis, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus cereus | 64–256 | [73] |
5 | Lawsonia inermis | Leaves | 33 | hexagonal | C=O, -OH, -COOH | Escherichia Coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis | 100–200 | [74] |
7 | Avena Sativa (Oat) | Seeds | 17.52 | Hexagonal | -OH, -COOH, Phenolic ring, -NH, C=O | Escherichia Coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis | 160 | Current study |
Samples | DPPH Radical Scavenging Effect | ABTS Radical Scavenging Effect | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conc. (µg mL−1) | Scavenging (%) | IC50 (µg mL−1) | Conc. (µg mL−1) | Scavenging (%) | IC50 (µg mL−1) | |
Oat biomass | 25 75 100 | 26.37 ± 0.67 32.92 ± 0.14 53.64 ± 0.25 | 1.65 ± 0.05 | 25 75 100 | 35.12 ± 0.24 45.36 ± 0.38 45.36 ± 0.47 | 1.63 ± 0.07 |
ZnONPs | 25 75 100 | 58.37 ± 0.67 62.18 ± 0.18 67.64 ± 0.12 | 0.88 ± 0.03 | 25 75 100 | 53.14 ± 0.53 59.36 ± 0.25 71.56 ± 0.84 | 0.73 ± 0.05 |
Ascorbic acid | 25 75 100 | 51.36 ± 0.42 56.85 ± 0.73 73.00 ± 0.35 | 0.35 ± 0.07 | 25 75 100 | 52.62 ± 0.58 57.36 ± 0.32 72.54 ± 0.83 | 0.27 ± 0.02 |
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Al-Mohaimeed, A.M.; Al-Onazi, W.A.; El-Tohamy, M.F. Multifunctional Eco-Friendly Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2022, 27, 579. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020579
Al-Mohaimeed AM, Al-Onazi WA, El-Tohamy MF. Multifunctional Eco-Friendly Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications. Molecules. 2022; 27(2):579. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020579
Chicago/Turabian StyleAl-Mohaimeed, Amal Mohamed, Wedad Altuhami Al-Onazi, and Maha Farouk El-Tohamy. 2022. "Multifunctional Eco-Friendly Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications" Molecules 27, no. 2: 579. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020579