Aberrant Expression of Novel Cytokine IL-38 and Regulatory T Lymphocytes in Childhood Asthma
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Asthmatic Patients and Control Subjects
2.2. Serum Levels of IL-38, Periostin and Several Common Cytokines
2.3. Circulating Regulatory T Lymphocytes
2.4. Quantitative Analysis of the mRNA Expression of IL-38
2.5. Correlation among Different Immunological Parameters in Asthmatic Patients
2.6. Determination of Activated CD4+CD25+CD134+ T Cells
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Ethics Statement
3.2. Asthmatic Patients, Non-Allergic Control Subjects and Blood Samples
3.3. Quantitative Analysis of Cytokines and Periostin
3.4. Flow Cytometry of Treg Lymphocytes
3.5. Real time PCR
3.6. Detection of Activated CD4+ T Cells
3.7. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics of Subjects | Non-Steroid-Treated Patients (n = 20) | Steroid-Treated Patients (n = 20) | Control Subjects (n = 20) |
---|---|---|---|
Sex (male/female) | 9/11 | 8/12 | 10/10 |
Age, year (mean ± SD, range) | 7.3 ± 0.6, 6–9 | 7.5 ± 0.6, 6–9 | 7.8 ± 0.9 |
Eosinophil % in PB | 5.0 (4.0–6.0) *** | 5.5 (5.0–6.0) *** | 2.0 (1.0–2.0) |
Basophil % in PB | 1.0 (0.0–1.0) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) |
Presence of at least one | |||
Positive allergen-specific IgE, n (%) | 18 (90%) | 19 (95%) | 0 (0) |
House dust mite Dp1, n (%) | 12 (60%) | 13 (65%) | 0 (0) |
House dust mite Df1, n (%) | 11 (55%) | 10 (50%) | 0 (0) |
Cockroaches, n (%) | 8 (40%) | 7 (35%) | 0 (0) |
Cat dander, n (%) | 4 (20%) | 5 (25%) | 0 (0) |
mRNA Expression | IL-38 mRNA |
---|---|
IL-36R mRNA | r = 0.407, p = 0.006 ** |
IL-13 mRNA | r = 0.156, p = 0.714 |
IL-10 mRNA | r = −0.348, p = 0.019 * |
FoxP3 mRNA | r = −0.093, p = 0.566 |
Primer | Sequence of Primers | |
---|---|---|
IL-10 | Forward | 5′-GCCTAACATGCTTCGAGATC-3′ |
Reverse | 5′-TGATGTCTGGGTCTTGGTTC-3′ | |
IL-36R | Forward | 5′-GCTGGAGTGTCCACAGCATA-3′ |
Reverse | 5′-GCGATAAGCCCTCCTATCAA-3′ | |
IL-38 | Forward | 5′-TTATCCTTGTGGGCTCAGTT-3′ |
Reverse | 5′-AATCCGTTCCCTTGGCTTTT-3′ | |
IL-13 | Forward | 5′-TGAGGAGCTGGTCAACATCA-3′ |
Reverse | 5′-CAGGTTGATGCTCCATACCAT-3′ | |
FoxP3 | Forward | 5′-GCACATTCCCAGAGTTCCT-3′ |
Reverse | 5′-TTGAGTGTCCGCTGCTTC-3′ | |
GAPDH | Forward | 5′-ATGGGGAAGGTGAAGGTCG-3′ |
Reverse | 5′-GGGGTCATTGATGGCAACAATA-3′ |
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Chu, M.; Chu, I.M.T.; Yung, E.C.M.; Lam, C.W.K.; Leung, T.F.; Wong, G.W.K.; Wong, C.K. Aberrant Expression of Novel Cytokine IL-38 and Regulatory T Lymphocytes in Childhood Asthma. Molecules 2016, 21, 933. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21070933
Chu M, Chu IMT, Yung ECM, Lam CWK, Leung TF, Wong GWK, Wong CK. Aberrant Expression of Novel Cytokine IL-38 and Regulatory T Lymphocytes in Childhood Asthma. Molecules. 2016; 21(7):933. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21070933
Chicago/Turabian StyleChu, Man, Ida M.T. Chu, Edmund C.M. Yung, Christopher W.K. Lam, Ting F. Leung, Gary W.K. Wong, and Chun K. Wong. 2016. "Aberrant Expression of Novel Cytokine IL-38 and Regulatory T Lymphocytes in Childhood Asthma" Molecules 21, no. 7: 933. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21070933