Topic Editors

Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
Prof. Dr. Kurt Vogel
Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Wisconsin at River Falls, River Falls, WI 54022, USA

Practical Methods for Accommodating Behavioral Needs and Improving the Wellbeing of Farm Animals: 2nd Edition

Abstract submission deadline
30 September 2025
Manuscript submission deadline
31 December 2025
Viewed by
1081

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

Decades of research clearly show that animals that live in a barren environment should have environmental enrichments. When animals are able to engage in natural behaviors, their welfare is improved. The emphasis in this Topic will be on enrichments that are both effective and practical to implement. For example, research has clearly shown that straw is an excellent environmental enrichment for pigs. The problem is that straw is not available in some parts of the world, and it may clog the waste management systems in slatted floor systems. This Topic will include papers on both effective substitutes for straw and the latest information on practical group housing systems for sows.

Another animal welfare concern that is receiving increasing public attention is removing newborn calves from dairy cows. Researchers will be invited to present research on effective methods for keeping calves with dairy cows. In the poultry industry, there has been a rapid evolution of housing systems to replace small battery cages for laying hens. Numerous studies have shown that there are advantages and disadvantages to different types of loose housing systems. Authors will be invited to present information on practical systems that are effective.

This Topic will consist of my introductory paper, authors invited by the editor, and readers who can contribute innovative, practical methods to improve animal wellbeing. This is especially important for farm animals living in intensive systems. Preventing suffering is not sufficient for the best animal welfare. Research clearly shows that animals should have opportunities to engage in positive emotional experiences. Some of the areas that will be covered in this Topic are as follows:

  • Pros and cons of different types of group housing for sows;
  • Dairy calf rearing systems;
  • Grooming brushes for cattle;
  • Devices for enriching intensively raised pigs;
  • Enrichment devices for broiler chickens;
  • Pros and cons of different types of enriched housing for laying hens.

The emphasis in this Topic will be on enrichment methods that will be effective in commercial systems. There is a need for practical methods for both large commercial systems and small-scale farms. This Topic can help provide guidance to the animal welfare officers that are now being hired by many commercial companies.

Prof. Dr. Temple Grandin
Prof. Dr. Kurt Vogel
Topic Editors

Keywords

  • animal welfare
  • environmental enrichment
  • cattle
  • pigs
  • poultry
  • broilers
  • laying hens
  • calves
  • behavior

Participating Journals

Journal Name Impact Factor CiteScore Launched Year First Decision (median) APC
Agriculture
agriculture
3.3 4.9 2011 19.2 Days CHF 2600 Submit
Dairy
dairy
- 4.4 2020 27.8 Days CHF 1200 Submit
Poultry
poultry
- - 2022 28.8 Days CHF 1000 Submit
Veterinary Sciences
vetsci
2.0 2.9 2014 21.2 Days CHF 2100 Submit
Animals
animals
2.7 4.9 2011 16.1 Days CHF 2400 Submit

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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38 pages, 2098 KiB  
Review
Rethinking Poultry Welfare—Integrating Behavioral Science and Digital Innovations for Enhanced Animal Well-Being
by Suresh Neethirajan
Poultry 2025, 4(2), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/poultry4020020 - 29 Apr 2025
Viewed by 460
Abstract
The relentless drive to meet global demand for poultry products has pushed for rapid intensification in chicken farming, dramatically boosting efficiency and yield. Yet, these gains have exposed a host of complex welfare challenges that have prompted scientific scrutiny and ethical reflection. In [...] Read more.
The relentless drive to meet global demand for poultry products has pushed for rapid intensification in chicken farming, dramatically boosting efficiency and yield. Yet, these gains have exposed a host of complex welfare challenges that have prompted scientific scrutiny and ethical reflection. In this review, I critically evaluate recent innovations aimed at mitigating such concerns by drawing on advances in behavioral science and digital monitoring and insights into biological adaptations. Specifically, I focus on four interconnected themes: First, I spotlight the complexity of avian sensory perception—encompassing vision, auditory capabilities, olfaction, and tactile faculties—to underscore how lighting design, housing configurations, and enrichment strategies can better align with birds’ unique sensory worlds. Second, I explore novel tools for gauging emotional states and cognition, ranging from cognitive bias tests to developing protocols for identifying pain or distress based on facial cues. Third, I examine the transformative potential of computer vision, bioacoustics, and sensor-based technologies for the continuous, automated tracking of behavior and physiological indicators in commercial flocks. Fourth, I assess how data-driven management platforms, underpinned by precision livestock farming, can deploy real-time insights to optimize welfare on a broad scale. Recognizing that climate change and evolving production environments intensify these challenges, I also investigate how breeds resilient to extreme conditions might open new avenues for welfare-centered genetic and management approaches. While the adoption of cutting-edge techniques has shown promise, significant hurdles persist regarding validation, standardization, and commercial acceptance. I conclude that truly sustainable progress hinges on an interdisciplinary convergence of ethology, neuroscience, engineering, data analytics, and evolutionary biology—an integrative path that not only refines welfare assessment but also reimagines poultry production in ethically and scientifically robust ways. Full article
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16 pages, 1047 KiB  
Article
Effects of Forage-to-Concentrate Ratio on Abnormal Stereotypic Behavior in Lambs and Goat Kids
by Cemil Tölü
Animals 2025, 15(7), 963; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15070963 - 27 Mar 2025
Viewed by 268
Abstract
A crucial component of small ruminant production, particularly where intensive systems are becoming more prevalent, is determining the forage-to-concentrate (F:C) ratio in their daily diets. The effects of the F:C ratio in lambs and goat kids’ daily diets on growth, stereotypical behavior, and [...] Read more.
A crucial component of small ruminant production, particularly where intensive systems are becoming more prevalent, is determining the forage-to-concentrate (F:C) ratio in their daily diets. The effects of the F:C ratio in lambs and goat kids’ daily diets on growth, stereotypical behavior, and blood biochemical parameters were investigated. Eighteen Tahirova sheep lambs and 18 Turkish Saanen goat kids were used, divided into three groups using the following F:C ratios: 20:80, 60:40, and 80:20. Growth rates, weight gains, and feed conversion ratios were determined. Urea nitrogen, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, creatine kinase, and cortisol hormones were measured in blood samples. In lambs, growth remained consistent across F:C groups. In goat kids, however, the 20:80 group showed superior growth and weight gain. Based on the F:C ratios, behavioral differences were found in forage feeding, rumination, water consumption, and standing activities. Similarly, the 20:80 group displayed higher rates of bar biting, crib biting, and wool biting in lambs, as well as bar biting, crib biting, bucket biting, and chain chewing in goat kids. Cortisol levels were significantly higher in the 80:20 group than in the 20:80 group for both species. Insufficient forage can cause abnormal stereotypical behaviors, which negatively impact animal welfare. Full article
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