Nephrology and Dialysis: From Bench to Bedside

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nephrology is a very broad field, ranging from basic laboratory to clinical medicine, and many topics are emerging on a daily basis. Nephrology concerns the study of the kidneys, specifically normal kidney function (renal physiology) and kidney disease (renal pathophysiology), the preservation of kidney health, and the treatment of kidney disease, from diet and medication to renal replacement therapy (dialysis and kidney transplantation). Nephrology also studies systemic conditions that affect the kidneys, such as diabetes and autoimmune disease, and systemic diseases that occur as a result of kidney disease, such as renal osteodystrophy and hypertension. The topic "Nephrology and Dialysis: From Bench to Bedside" includes but is not limited to:

• Onconephrology;
• Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease;
• Primary kidney disorders;
• Glomerular diseases;
• Tubulointerstitial kidney diseases;
• Tubular defects;
• The effects of toxins on the kidney;
• Disorders of the kidney vasculature;
• Infections and neoplasms of the kidney;
• Abnormalities of the kidney, collecting system, and bladder;
• Kidney function;
• Diabetic kidney disease;
• Glomerulonephritis;
• Cardionephrology;
• Hypertension and nephrology;
• ADPKD;
• Renal vasculitis;
• Renal and renovascular hypertension;
• Kidney amyloidosis;
• Hereditary kidney disease;
• Renal ischemia;
• Kidney stones;
• Renal recovery;
• Treatment;
• Renal replacement therapy;
• Kidney transplantation;
• Kidney function;
• Renal imaging;
• Renal ultrasound.

We are pleased to announce that we have decided to launch a Topic on "Nephrology and Dialysis: From Bench to Bedside". Please take this opportunity to share your daily thoughts on nephrology topics in this project. We look forward to receiving your contribution.

Dr. Eiichi Sato
Dr. Tsukasa Nakamura
Topic Editors

Keywords

Participating Journals

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Biomedicines biomedicines	3.9	5.2	2013	14.6 Days	CHF 2600
Journal of Clinical Medicine jcm	3.0	5.7	2012	16 Days	CHF 2600
Membranes membranes	3.3	6.1	2011	14.9 Days	CHF 2200
Metabolites metabolites	3.5	5.7	2011	16.1 Days	CHF 2700
Reports reports	0.8	-	2018	18.6 Days	CHF 1400

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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All Biomedicines JCM Membranes Metabolites Reports

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Supplementary material:
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11 pages, 2530 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

The Human Phospholipase B-II Precursor (HPLBII-P) in Urine as a Novel Biomarker of Glomerular Activity in COVID-19 and Diabetes Mellitus

by Shengyuan Xu, Michael Hultström, Anders Larsson, Miklos Lipcsey, Cecilia Lindskog, Sara Bülow, Robert Frithiof and Per Venge

J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(9), 2540; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13092540 - 26 Apr 2024

Viewed by 1524

Abstract

Background: The human phospholipase B-II precursor (HPLBII-P) was originally purified from white blood cells but is also found in other cellular structures, such as kidney glomeruli and tubuli. The objective of this report was to investigate the relationship of HPLBII-P in urine to [...] Read more.

Background: The human phospholipase B-II precursor (HPLBII-P) was originally purified from white blood cells but is also found in other cellular structures, such as kidney glomeruli and tubuli. The objective of this report was to investigate the relationship of HPLBII-P in urine to acute kidney injury in patients with COVID-19. Methods: Urine was collected at admission from 132 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs) because of respiratory failure. HPLBII-P was measured using a sensitive ELISA. For comparison, human neutrophil lipocalin (HNL) was measured in urine, using the ELISA configured with the monoclonal antibody 763/8F, as a sign of tubular affection in addition to routine biomarkers of kidney disease. Results: Overall, the concentrations of urinary HPLBII-P were almost 3-fold higher in patients with COVID-19 compared to healthy controls (p < 0.0001) and with significantly higher concentrations even in patients with COVID-19 without signs of acute kidney injury (AKI) (p < 0.001). HPLBII-P was further increased in patients with AKI (p < 0.02). HPLBII-P was significantly increased in patients with diabetes mellitus (p = 0.0008) and correlated to plasma glucose (r = 0.29, p = 0.001) and urine albumin concentrations (r = 0.55, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Urine concentrations of HPLBII-P are highly raised in the urine of patients with COVID-19 and relate to AKI and diabetes mellitus. HPLBII-P may reflect glomerular injury and/or increased glomerular cell activity in SARS-CoV-2 infections. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Nephrology and Dialysis: From Bench to Bedside)

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17 pages, 2949 KiB  

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Hydrophilic Modification of Dialysis Membranes Sustains Middle Molecule Removal and Filtration Characteristics

by Adam M. Zawada, Karlee Emal, Eva Förster, Saeedeh Saremi, Dirk Delinski, Lukas Theis, Florian Küng, Wenhao Xie, Joanie Werner, Manuela Stauss-Grabo, Matthias Faust, Skyler Boyington and James P. Kennedy

Membranes 2024, 14(4), 83; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes14040083 - 3 Apr 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3432

Abstract

While efficient removal of uremic toxins and accumulated water is pivotal for the well-being of dialysis patients, protein adsorption to the dialyzer membrane reduces the performance of a dialyzer. Hydrophilic membrane modification with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) has been shown to reduce protein adsorption and [...] Read more.

While efficient removal of uremic toxins and accumulated water is pivotal for the well-being of dialysis patients, protein adsorption to the dialyzer membrane reduces the performance of a dialyzer. Hydrophilic membrane modification with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) has been shown to reduce protein adsorption and to stabilize membrane permeability. In this study we compared middle molecule clearance and filtration performance of nine polysulfone-, polyethersulfone-, and cellulose-based dialyzers over time. Protein adsorption was simulated in recirculation experiments, while β2-microglobulin clearance as well as transmembrane pressure (TMP) and filtrate flow were determined over time. The results of this study showed that β2-microglobulin clearance (−7.2 mL/min/m²) and filtrate flow (−54.4 mL/min) decreased strongly during the first 30 min and slowly afterwards (−0.7 mL/min/m² and −6.8 mL/min, respectively, for the next 30 min); the TMP increase (+37.2 mmHg and +8.6 mmHg, respectively) showed comparable kinetics. Across all tested dialyzers, the dialyzer with a hydrophilic modified membrane (FX CorAL) had the highest β2-microglobulin clearance after protein fouling and the most stable filtration characteristics. In conclusion, hydrophilic membrane modification with PVP stabilizes the removal capacity of middle molecules and filtration performance over time. Such dialyzers may have benefits during hemodiafiltration treatments which aim to achieve high exchange volumes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Nephrology and Dialysis: From Bench to Bedside)

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8 pages, 468 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Solute Clearance Evaluation and Filter Clotting Prediction in Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

by Kohei Yoshimoto, Ryo Matsuura, Yohei Komaru, Teruhiko Yoshida, Yoshihisa Miyamoto, Yoshifumi Hamasaki, Ryota Inokuchi, Masaomi Nangaku and Kent Doi

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(24), 7703; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12247703 - 15 Dec 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2345

Abstract

Unexpected filter clotting is a major problem in continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Reduced solute clearance is observed prior to filter clotting. This single-center, retrospective, observational study aimed to determine whether reduced solute clearance of low- and medium-molecular-weight molecules in CRRT can predict [...] Read more.

Unexpected filter clotting is a major problem in continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Reduced solute clearance is observed prior to filter clotting. This single-center, retrospective, observational study aimed to determine whether reduced solute clearance of low- and medium-molecular-weight molecules in CRRT can predict filter clotting. Solute clearances of urea and myoglobin (Mb) were measured at 24 h after initiation of continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF). Clearance per flow (CL/F) was calculated. The primary outcome was clotting of the filter in the subsequent 24 h, and 775 CHDF treatments conducted on 230 patients for at least 24 consecutive hours in our ICU were analyzed. Filter clotting was observed in 127 treatments involving 39 patients. Urea and Mb CL/F at 24 h were significantly lower in the patients who experienced clotting. Further analysis was limited to the first CHDF treatment of each patient to adjust for confounding factors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that both urea CL/F < 94% and Mb CL/F < 64% were significant predictors of clotting within the next 24 h. Lower urea and Mb CL/F measured at 24 h after CRRT initiation were associated with filter clotting in the next 24 h. Further study is necessary to ascertain whether measurement of urea and MB CL/F will help with avoiding unexpected filter clotting. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Nephrology and Dialysis: From Bench to Bedside)

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10 pages, 708 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Urinary Collectrin as Promising Biomarker for Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

by Johanna Tichy, Sahra Pajenda, Martin H. Bernardi, Ludwig Wagner, Sylvia Ryz, Monika Aiad, Daniela Gerges, Alice Schmidt, Andrea Lassnigg, Harald Herkner and Wolfgang Winnicki

Biomedicines 2023, 11(12), 3244; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11123244 - 7 Dec 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1683

Abstract

Background: Early detection of acute kidney injury (AKI) is crucial for timely intervention and improved patient outcomes after cardiac surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of urinary collectrin as a novel biomarker for AKI in this patient population. Methods: In this [...] Read more.

Background: Early detection of acute kidney injury (AKI) is crucial for timely intervention and improved patient outcomes after cardiac surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of urinary collectrin as a novel biomarker for AKI in this patient population. Methods: In this prospective, observational cohort study, 63 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were studied at the Medical University of Vienna between 2016 and 2018. We collected urine samples prospectively at four perioperative time points, and urinary collectrin was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patients were divided into two groups, AKI and non-AKI, defined by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Guidelines, and differences between groups were analyzed. Results: Postoperative AKI was found in 19 (30%) patients. Urine sample analysis revealed an inverse correlation between urinary collectrin and creatinine and AKI stages, as well as significant changes in collectrin levels during the perioperative course. Baseline collectrin levels were 5050 ± 3294 pg/mL, decreased after the start of CPB, reached their nadir at the end of surgery, and began to recover slightly on postoperative day (POD) 1. The most effective timepoint for distinguishing between AKI and non-AKI patients based on collectrin levels was POD 1, with collectrin levels of 2190 ± 3728 pg/mL in AKI patients and 3768 ± 3435 pg/mL in non-AKI patients (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Urinary collectrin shows promise as a novel biomarker for the early detection of AKI in patients undergoing cardiac surgery on CPB. Its dynamic changes throughout the perioperative period, especially on POD 1, provide valuable insights for timely diagnosis and intervention. Further research and validation studies are needed to confirm its clinical usefulness and potential impact on patient outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Nephrology and Dialysis: From Bench to Bedside)

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10 pages, 2406 KiB  

Open AccessCase Report

Rare Onset of Tubercular Peritonitis Amidst Chronic Renal Dysfunction

by Romeo Popa, Cristian-Corneliu Georgescu, Daniel-Cosmin Caragea, Daniela Cana-Ruiu, Cristina Ene, Lucretiu Radu, Victor Gheorman, Marius-Ciprian Varut, Veronica Gheorman, Andrei Orezanu, Andrei Razvan Codea, Mirela Ghilusi, Loredana-Adriana Popa and Magdalena Diaconu

Reports 2023, 6(4), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/reports6040044 - 22 Sep 2023

Viewed by 2035

Abstract

Tuberculosis Peritonitis is a serious condition, whose diagnosis is established late due to the nonspecific nature of the clinical features, which delays the performance of imaging investigations and, implicitly, the setting of the diagnosis through biopsy and histopathological examination. We report the case [...] Read more.

Tuberculosis Peritonitis is a serious condition, whose diagnosis is established late due to the nonspecific nature of the clinical features, which delays the performance of imaging investigations and, implicitly, the setting of the diagnosis through biopsy and histopathological examination. We report the case of a 49-year-old man who presented in our clinic with nonspecific symptoms and significant nitrogen retention, with ascites fluid detected during the clinical–paraclinical examination, ultimately confirming the diagnosis of bacillary peritonitis. Confirmation of tuberculous etiology through biopsy and/or bacteriological examination is sovereign for the diagnosis. The therapeutic protocol includes three anti-tuberculostatic drugs, for a period of at least 6 months, with or without the combination of corticosteroid therapy during the first months of treatment. The patient evolution under treatment was initially favorable, but due to peritoneal adhesions, it underwent complications later. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Nephrology and Dialysis: From Bench to Bedside)

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15 pages, 2361 KiB  

Open AccessReview

Current Insights into Cellular Determinants of Peritoneal Fibrosis in Peritoneal Dialysis: A Narrative Review

by Satriyo Dwi Suryantoro, Mochammad Thaha, Henry Sutanto and Sarah Firdausa

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(13), 4401; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12134401 - 30 Jun 2023

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3659

Abstract

Peritoneal fibrosis is the final process of progressive changes in the peritoneal membrane due to chronic inflammation and infection. It is one of the main causes of discontinuation of peritoneal dialysis (PD), apart from peritonitis and cardiovascular complications. Over time, morphological changes occur [...] Read more.

Peritoneal fibrosis is the final process of progressive changes in the peritoneal membrane due to chronic inflammation and infection. It is one of the main causes of discontinuation of peritoneal dialysis (PD), apart from peritonitis and cardiovascular complications. Over time, morphological changes occur in the peritoneal membranes of patients who use PD. Of those are mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT), neoangiogenesis, sub-mesothelial fibrosis, and hyalinizing vasculopathy. Several key molecules are involved in the complex pathophysiology of peritoneal fibrosis, including advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This narrative review will first discuss the physiology of the peritoneum and PD. Next, the multifaceted pathophysiology of peritoneal fibrosis, including the effects of hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus on the peritoneal membrane, and the promising biomarkers of peritoneal fibrosis will be reviewed. Finally, the current and future management of peritoneal fibrosis will be discussed, including the potential benefits of new-generation glucose-lowering medications to prevent or slow down the progression of peritoneal fibrosis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Nephrology and Dialysis: From Bench to Bedside)

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