Future Generation Electric Machines and Drives

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

The amount of interest in electrical machines and drives with higher specific power and efficiency means this field is a constant challenge among the research and industrial communities. This challenge has been enhanced with the emergent and increasingly critical electrification of modern transportation systems, for example, in the aircraft and automobile industries, thus creating the need for new designs of electrical machines and drives and the extension of their current electromagnetic, thermal, and mechanical limits. The emergence of new advanced electromagnetic materials, new design topologies, and cooling techniques have been key aspects that have contributed to overcoming this challenge and unlocking future generation applications. We invite submissions to this Topic regarding the latest developments in and applications of future-generation electrical machines and drives. Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to, the following:

• Electrical machines’ design and optimization;
• Multiphysics coupled simulation and optimization;
• Electromagnetic, thermal, and mechanical simulations;
• Application of new electromagnetic material to electrical machines and drives;
• Novel machine configurations and topologies;
• Electrical machines designed for aircraft and automotive applications;
• Alternatives to rare-earth electrical machines;
• High-specific-power electrical machines;
• Advanced cooling techniques;
• Cryogenic/superconducting electrical machines;
• All-cryogenic power train technology;
• Electrical drive systems;
• Control strategies for different types of electrical motors;
• Cryogenic power electronics; 
• Specific designs for low-pressure environments.

Dr. Antonio Morandi
Dr. João Filipe Pereira Fernandes
Dr. Jordi-Roger Riba Ruiz
Dr. Paulo José da Costa Branco
Dr. Silvio Vaschetto
Topic Editors

Keywords

Participating Journals

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Applied Sciences applsci	2.5	5.3	2011	18.4 Days	CHF 2400
Electronics electronics	2.6	5.3	2012	16.4 Days	CHF 2400
Energies energies	3.0	6.2	2008	16.8 Days	CHF 2600
Machines machines	2.1	3.0	2013	15.5 Days	CHF 2400

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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16 pages, 3266 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Sensorless Control Method for SPMSMs Based on Improved Sliding Mode Reaching Rate

by Yuepeng Chen, Aiyi Li, Hui Li, Xu Yang and Wei Chen

Electronics 2023, 12(17), 3720; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12173720 - 3 Sep 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1724

Abstract

Due to the advantages of simple structure, small size, and high power density, permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) have attracted the research interest of many scholars both domestically and abroad. However, traditional PMSM equipped with sensors, encoders, and other devices tend to have [...] Read more.

Due to the advantages of simple structure, small size, and high power density, permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) have attracted the research interest of many scholars both domestically and abroad. However, traditional PMSM equipped with sensors, encoders, and other devices tend to have high equipment costs and rely heavily on the accuracy of the sensors for control effectiveness. Therefore, sensorless control has become a hot trend in the PMSM control field. In response to the chattering problem in sliding mode algorithms, this study first optimized the sliding mode reaching rate of a sensorless control system and applied it to construct a sliding mode observer and speed controller. Next, the improved sliding mode reaching rate-based sensorless control system was modeled and simulated in Matlab/Simulink, and its control performance was compared and analyzed with that of the traditional sliding mode reaching rate and replicated sliding mode reaching rate. Finally, comparative experiments were conducted on a test bench, and the results showed that, under the action of the improved sliding mode reaching rate, the chattering range of the output speed of the motor was +2%~+5%, which optimized the output speed of the PMSM and achieved the purpose of weakening the chattering. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Future Generation Electric Machines and Drives)

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17 pages, 7456 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

An Innovative H-Type Flux Switching Permanent Magnet Linear Generator for Thrust Force Enhancement

by Ehsan Farmahini Farahani, Nick J. Baker and Farshid Mahmouditabar

Energies 2023, 16(16), 5976; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16165976 - 14 Aug 2023

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 2190

Abstract

In this paper, two H-type flux switching permanent magnet linear generators with outer-translator and inner-translator configurations are discussed and compared to a more conventional flux switching topology. The stators consist of H-Type modules housing circumferential coils and are surrounded by two annular permanent [...] Read more.

In this paper, two H-type flux switching permanent magnet linear generators with outer-translator and inner-translator configurations are discussed and compared to a more conventional flux switching topology. The stators consist of H-Type modules housing circumferential coils and are surrounded by two annular permanent magnets. In conventional flux switching machines, the windings are orientated perpendicular to the direction of motion and the conductors twist around the magnets. In H-type topologies, the orientation of the windings is in the same plain as the magnets and parallel to the direction of motion, resulting in an increase in flux linkage. The proposed topologies are designed for a low operating speed and a large magnetic gap, as found in wave energy converters. All topologies are optimized using the Taguchi optimization approach with the goals of reducing force ripple and increasing the average thrust force and efficiency. The 2D finite element method (FEM) is used in the optimization stage to calculate the optimized parameters of the presented generators, after which the optimized structures are simulated using 3D FEM, and the results are extracted. The results of the optimization show that the H-type topologies deliver a 20% higher shear stress whilst offering an easier to assemble structure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Future Generation Electric Machines and Drives)

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30 pages, 5871 KiB  

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

A Review on Analysis Methods and Research Status of Hysteresis Motor

by Bo Gao, Yuan Cheng, Tianxu Zhao, Haodong Sun and Shumei Cui

Energies 2023, 16(15), 5715; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16155715 - 31 Jul 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 6762

Abstract

A hysteresis motor produces output torque through the hysteresis effect of magnetic materials. It has the advantages of a simple structure, high-speed operation, high temperature resistance, low noise and self-starting capability. It can be applied to some special occasions requiring high speed and [...] Read more.

A hysteresis motor produces output torque through the hysteresis effect of magnetic materials. It has the advantages of a simple structure, high-speed operation, high temperature resistance, low noise and self-starting capability. It can be applied to some special occasions requiring high speed and high stationarity. However, its disadvantage is low torque density, low efficiency and low power factor. The permanent magnet hysteresis motor is a compromise of the characteristics of permanent magnet motor and hysteresis motor, and it can be self-starting in the case of having a torque density comparable to that of a permanent magnet motor. In addition, there are some new structures of hysteresis motors, which open up the direction for innovative applications. Due to the complexity of magnetic properties, the calculation methods and dynamic models of hysteresis motors and permanent magnet hysteresis motors are special and also depend on the research of hysteresis materials and hysteresis models. This paper starts from the principle and classification of the hysteresis motor, and different structures and the corresponding analysis methods are reviewed. The motors with new structures and new methods are emphasized, the innovation and contribution of existing research are summarized, and the development trend of hysteresis motors is described. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Future Generation Electric Machines and Drives)

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22 pages, 1861 KiB  

Open AccessReview

Noise in Electric Motors: A Comprehensive Review

by Patxi Gonzalez, Garikoitz Buigues and Angel Javier Mazon

Energies 2023, 16(14), 5311; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16145311 - 11 Jul 2023

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 15607

Abstract

Electric machines are important devices that convert electrical energy into mechanical energy and are extensively used in a wide range of applications. Recent years have seen an increase in applications where electric motors are used. The frequent use of electric motors in noise-sensitive [...] Read more.

Electric machines are important devices that convert electrical energy into mechanical energy and are extensively used in a wide range of applications. Recent years have seen an increase in applications where electric motors are used. The frequent use of electric motors in noise-sensitive environments increases the requirements placed on electric motors intended for these applications, especially when compared to electric motors commonly used in industrial applications. This paper provides a comprehensive review of electric motor noise. Firstly, a brief introduction to noise is given. Then, the sources of electromagnetic noise and vibration in electric machines, including mechanical, aerodynamic and electromagnetic factors, are presented. Different methods such as analytical, numerical and semi-analytical for calculating electromagnetic force, natural frequencies and noise are also analyzed. Various methods for noise reduction are presented, including skewing, stator and rotor notching and slot opening width. Finally, noise measurement standards and procedures are described. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Future Generation Electric Machines and Drives)

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46 pages, 1666 KiB  

Open AccessReview

Recent Achievements in the Control of Interior Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machine Drives: A Comprehensive Overview of the State of the Art

by Peter Stumpf and Tamás Tóth-Katona

Energies 2023, 16(13), 5103; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16135103 - 1 Jul 2023

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3251

Abstract

Interior permanent-magnet synchronous machines (IPMSMs) are widely used as traction motors in electric drive-trains because of their high torque-per-ampere characteristics and potential for wide field-weakening operations to expand the constant-power range. This paper offers a categorization and a comprehensive overview of the control [...] Read more.

Interior permanent-magnet synchronous machines (IPMSMs) are widely used as traction motors in electric drive-trains because of their high torque-per-ampere characteristics and potential for wide field-weakening operations to expand the constant-power range. This paper offers a categorization and a comprehensive overview of the control techniques applied to IPMSM drives in addition to presenting the necessary theoretical background. The basic concept, features and limitations, as well as the latest developments of the strategies, are summarized in the paper. This overview helps to lay the theoretical basis as well as to clarify the opportunities, challenges and future trends for controlling IPMSM drives for traction applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Future Generation Electric Machines and Drives)

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17 pages, 4848 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Alternative Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Topology for Reducing Voltage and Torque Harmonics in Shaft Generators

by Rak-Won Son and Ju Lee

Energies 2023, 16(12), 4649; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16124649 - 12 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1854

Abstract

Traditional diesel generators on a merchant ship, composed of a wound rotor synchronous generator and a four-stroke diesel engine, supply electrical power for various loads. Recently, shaft generators for merchant ships have been increasingly replacing diesel generators to reduce CO₂ emissions through [...] Read more.

Traditional diesel generators on a merchant ship, composed of a wound rotor synchronous generator and a four-stroke diesel engine, supply electrical power for various loads. Recently, shaft generators for merchant ships have been increasingly replacing diesel generators to reduce CO₂ emissions through fuel efficiency improvement. In particular, permanent magnet synchronous generators have replaced induction generators due to their high-efficiency characteristics at light loads. The surface-mounted permanent magnet rotor can be a suitable topology owing to the relatively short constant power range. This generator can also operate as a motor according to the propulsion mode, so minimizing the harmonics of the induced voltage with the torque pulsation being essential. This paper proposes an alternative surface permanent magnet topology. Three magnets comprise one pole, with one bread-loaf magnet and two rectangular magnets. It helps to simplify the magnetization and assembly of the rotor because of the flat bottom shape of the magnet. Due to the low remanence of two rectangular magnets at the pole edge, this rotor structure effectively makes the air-gap magnetic flux density sinusoidal with production costs reduced. The step-skew suppresses higher-order harmonics. The total harmonic distortion comparison of the two-dimensional finite element analysis and the no-load test result shows under 6% difference from the interior permanent magnet prototype machine. A comparison of harmonic characteristics with other rotors shows that the proposed modular pole has sufficient competitiveness compared to the tapered bread-loaf type. It can be applied as a substitute for the tapered bread-loaf magnet in direct-drive ship propulsion systems and is expected to shorten the manufacturing process and time. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Future Generation Electric Machines and Drives)

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17 pages, 2991 KiB  

Open AccessReview

A Review of Electric Motors with Soft Magnetic Composite Cores for Electric Drives

by Youguang Guo, Xin Ba, Lin Liu, Haiyan Lu, Gang Lei, Wenliang Yin and Jianguo Zhu

Energies 2023, 16(4), 2053; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16042053 - 19 Feb 2023

Cited by 28 | Viewed by 7791

Abstract

Electric motors play a crucial role in modern industrial and domestic applications. With the trend of more and more electric drives, such as electric vehicles (EVs), the requirements for electric motors become higher and higher, e.g., high power density with good thermal dissipation [...] Read more.

Electric motors play a crucial role in modern industrial and domestic applications. With the trend of more and more electric drives, such as electric vehicles (EVs), the requirements for electric motors become higher and higher, e.g., high power density with good thermal dissipation and high reliability in harsh environments. Many efforts have been made to develop high performance electric motors, such as the application of advanced novel electromagnetic materials, modern control algorithms, advanced mathematical modeling, numerical computation, and artificial intelligence based optimization design techniques. Among many advanced magnetic materials, soft magnetic composite (SMC) appears very promising for developing novel electric motors, thanks to its many unique properties, such as magnetic and thermal isotropies, very low eddy current loss, and the prospect of low-cost mass production. This paper aims to present a comprehensive review about the application of SMC for developing various electric motors for electric drives, with emphasis on those with three-dimensional (3D) magnetic flux paths. The major techniques developed for designing the 3D flux SMC motors are also summarized, such as vectorial magnetic property characterization and system-level multi-discipline robust design optimization. Major challenges and possible future work in this area are also discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Future Generation Electric Machines and Drives)

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