Advanced Electromagnetic Modeling and Simulation for Multidisciplinary Engineering Systems

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

Modern engineering advances increasingly depend on accurate electromagnetic (EM) modeling and simulation to tackle complex challenges across energy systems, aerospace platforms, electrified transportation, resilient power grids, and wireless communications. Growing demands for efficient energy conversion, robust electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) in integrated systems, and resilience under extreme conditions pose critical challenges: balancing computational speed with accuracy in multi-scale phenomena; capturing strong electro–thermal–mechanical couplings in power/high-voltage equipment and high-frequency devices; enabling real-time/hardware-in-loop simulation for control-critical applications; and validating emerging EM materials like metamaterials in practical environments.

Building on this context, this Topic consolidates cutting-edge research and applications of advanced EM modeling and simulation within multidisciplinary complex engineering systems. We emphasize solutions that integrate computational electromagnetics, multiphysics simulation, and AI-driven simulation, highlighting their enabling role in industrial electromagnetic applications.

We welcome original research, and industrial case studies on topics spanning advanced finite-element/integral-equation solvers, advanced EM modeling, digital-twin frameworks, high-voltage discharge modeling, plasma electromagnetic modeling, and EMC/EMI mitigation innovations, with applications in renewable energy systems, smart grids, power electronics simulation, electric vehicles, 5G/6G communications, radar/antenna design, aerospace insulation/shielding, and IoT/biomedical electromagnetic technologies, etc.

Dr. Jinru Sun
Dr. Ya'nan Wang
Dr. Lujia Wang
Topic Editors

Keywords

Participating Journals

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Electronics electronics	2.6	6.1	2012	16.4 Days	CHF 2400	Submit
Magnetism magnetism	-	2.0	2021	27.5 Days	CHF 1000	Submit
Physics physics	1.8	3.1	2019	37.8 Days	CHF 1400	Submit
Plasma plasma	1.7	3.1	2018	19.8 Days	CHF 1400	Submit
Symmetry symmetry	2.2	5.3	2009	15.8 Days	CHF 2400	Submit
Energies energies	3.2	7.3	2008	16.8 Days	CHF 2600	Submit
Sensors sensors	3.5	8.2	2001	17.8 Days	CHF 2600	Submit

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Published Papers (9 papers)

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All Electronics Magnetism Physics Plasma Symmetry Energies Sensors

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12 pages, 4704 KB  

Open AccessArticle

Simulation Study on Anti-Interference Performance Degradation of GIS UHF Sensors Based on Substation White Noise Reconstruction

by Lujia Wang, Yongze Yang, Zixi Zhu, Haitao Yang, Jie Wu, Xingwang Wu and Yiming Xie

Sensors 2026, 26(1), 303; https://doi.org/10.3390/s26010303 - 2 Jan 2026

Viewed by 452

Abstract

The ultra-high frequency (UHF)-based partial discharge (PD) detection technology for gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) has achieved large-scale applications due to its high sensitivity and real-time monitoring capabilities. However, long-term service-induced antenna corrosion in UHF sensors may lead to degraded reception characteristics. To ensure the [...] Read more.

The ultra-high frequency (UHF)-based partial discharge (PD) detection technology for gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) has achieved large-scale applications due to its high sensitivity and real-time monitoring capabilities. However, long-term service-induced antenna corrosion in UHF sensors may lead to degraded reception characteristics. To ensure the credibility of monitoring data, on-site sensor calibration under ambient noise conditions is required. This study first analyzes the time–frequency domain characteristics of white noise received by UHF sensors in GIS environments. Leveraging the transceiver reciprocity principle of sensors, a noise reconstruction method based on external sensors is proposed to simulate on-site white noise. Subsequently, CST simulation models are established for both standard and degraded sensors, quantifying the impact of factors like antenna corrosion on performance parameters such as echo impedance S11 and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). Finally, the two sensor models are coupled into GIS handholes for comparative simulation analysis. Results show that antenna corrosion causes resonant frequency shifts in sensors, reducing PD signal power by 55.27% and increasing noise power by 64.11%. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) decreases from −9.70 dB to −15.34 dB, with evident waveform distortion in the double-exponential PD pulses. These conclusions provide theoretical references for on-site UHF sensor calibration in noisy environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Electromagnetic Modeling and Simulation for Multidisciplinary Engineering Systems)

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18 pages, 3852 KB  

Open AccessArticle

A Field Verification Denoising Method for Partial Discharge Ultrasonic Sensors Based on IPSO-Optimated Multivariate Variational Mode Decomposition Combined with Improved Wavelet Transforms

by Tienan Cao, Yufei Cui, Haotian Tan, Wei Lu, Fuzeng Zhang, Kai Liu, Xiaoguo Chen, Yifan Chen and Lujia Wang

Sensors 2025, 25(24), 7506; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25247506 - 10 Dec 2025

Viewed by 427

Abstract

Field verification of contact-type ultrasonic sensors enables rapid evaluation of their sensitivity performance, thereby ensuring the accuracy of partial discharge (PD) ultrasonic monitoring results. However, during the verification process, both the standard sensor and the sensor under testing are inevitably affected by ambient [...] Read more.

Field verification of contact-type ultrasonic sensors enables rapid evaluation of their sensitivity performance, thereby ensuring the accuracy of partial discharge (PD) ultrasonic monitoring results. However, during the verification process, both the standard sensor and the sensor under testing are inevitably affected by ambient noise when receiving verification signals, which can result in significant errors in the verification outcome. To address this issue, a noise suppression method is proposed in this study, which integrates multivariate variational mode decomposition (MVMD) optimized by an improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm with a hyperbolic tangent-modulated exponential decay wavelet thresholding technique. First, the IPSO algorithm is employed to automatically optimize the parameters of MVMD. Then, the dominant components of the verification signal are selected based on the energy entropy of each decomposed mode. Subsequently, a novel wavelet threshold function incorporating hyperbolic tangent modulation and exponential decay is constructed and combined with an improved thresholding strategy to denoise the residual noise in the dominant components. Finally, a verification platform based on a real-type transformer is established. Both simulated and measured signals are denoised and subjected to sensitivity verification using the proposed method. Comparative analysis with noise-affected verification results demonstrates that the proposed method effectively suppresses noise in the verification signals and improves the accuracy of the sensitivity verification. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Electromagnetic Modeling and Simulation for Multidisciplinary Engineering Systems)

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16 pages, 3895 KB  

Open AccessArticle

Design and Simulation of T-Shaped Buncher for High Power Ridgetron Accelerator

by Danyang Li, Yu Yang and Zhibin Zhu

Electronics 2025, 14(24), 4781; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14244781 - 5 Dec 2025

Viewed by 271

Abstract

In this paper, a T-type buncher for a ridgetron accelerator is designed to further enhance the beam capture efficiency of a high-power ridgetron irradiation accelerator and reduce beam loss in the accelerator system. By incorporating a branch, the T-shaped buncher can reduce the [...] Read more.

In this paper, a T-type buncher for a ridgetron accelerator is designed to further enhance the beam capture efficiency of a high-power ridgetron irradiation accelerator and reduce beam loss in the accelerator system. By incorporating a branch, the T-shaped buncher can reduce the required space compared with conventional coaxial bunchers at the same operating frequency. The physical design and electromagnetic field simulation of the T-type buncher were carried out using the CST frequency-domain solver and eigenmode solver. Subsequently, the bunching performance and its impact on beam transport in the ridgetron accelerator were further evaluated using the PIC solver. The results show that, within an input power range of 120–200 W, a 5 ns input pulse can be compressed to less than 0.6 ns, while the energy spread is maintained between 22% and 26%. At an input power of 140 W, the application of the buncher reduces beam loss after the first deflection by approximately 40%. When a 5 ns electron bunch is compressed to 2 ns (non-FWHM), the beam current increases by a factor of approximately 3.13 compared with the injection without the buncher. These results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the T-shaped buncher in improving beam capture efficiency and overall accelerator performance, providing a valuable reference for further power enhancement of ridgetron accelerators. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Electromagnetic Modeling and Simulation for Multidisciplinary Engineering Systems)

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15 pages, 5620 KB  

Open AccessArticle

Improving Designs of Halbach Cylinder-Based Magnetic Assembly with High- and Low-Field Regions for a Rotating Magnetic Refrigerator

by Chaimae El Mortajine, Mohamed Amine Dabachi, Soufian Lakrit, Hasnaa Oubnaki, Amine Faid and Mostafa Bouzi

Magnetism 2025, 5(4), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetism5040031 - 2 Dec 2025

Viewed by 565

Abstract

The present paper investigates the generation of the alternating almost zero and strong homogeneous magnetic fields for rotary magnetic refrigeration. In order to achieve an alternating magnetic field with eight regions, a soft magnetic rod is inserted in the bore. Four high-flux-density regions [...] Read more.

The present paper investigates the generation of the alternating almost zero and strong homogeneous magnetic fields for rotary magnetic refrigeration. In order to achieve an alternating magnetic field with eight regions, a soft magnetic rod is inserted in the bore. Four high-flux-density regions (FDRs) for magnetization and four low-flux-density regions for demagnetization of magnetocaloric materials are obtained by the proposed design. The design procedure for the four-pole structure and its implementation using 3D finite-element simulation are presented. To meet the predefined requirements, some magnet segments are replaced with high-permeability soft magnetic material. The proposed magnetic design for the rotary refrigerator allows good field distribution in the air gap, a high ratio of high-field-to-permanent-magnet volume, a minimized low-field volume, reduced magnet usage to the permanent-magnet volume, reduction of the amount of magnet material used, and increased flux density between the low- and high-field regions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Electromagnetic Modeling and Simulation for Multidisciplinary Engineering Systems)

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12 pages, 349 KB  

Open AccessArticle

Interpretation of Magnetism and Gravitation as Relational Residual Effects of the Electric Force

by Steffen Kühn

Magnetism 2025, 5(4), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetism5040029 - 27 Nov 2025

Viewed by 488

Abstract

This article demonstrates that magnetic force and Newton’s law of universal gravitation can be derived from the solution of Maxwell’s equations for moving point charges. For this purpose, a plasma droplet model is postulated, consisting of an aggregation of point charges undergoing Brownian [...] Read more.

This article demonstrates that magnetic force and Newton’s law of universal gravitation can be derived from the solution of Maxwell’s equations for moving point charges. For this purpose, a plasma droplet model is postulated, consisting of an aggregation of point charges undergoing Brownian motion within a very small three-dimensional volume. As the velocity of the charges is random due to the Brownian motion, it is described by a probability distribution. It is shown that a non-zero velocity standard deviation leads to the magnetic force, while Newton’s law of universal gravitation can be derived from a non-zero velocity variance. This suggests that magnetism and gravitation might be closely related. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Electromagnetic Modeling and Simulation for Multidisciplinary Engineering Systems)

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20 pages, 6320 KB  

Open AccessArticle

The Influence of the Inelastic Electron–Phonon Collision Time on the Resistive State of 3D Superconducting Materials

by Lucas Veneziani de Toledo, Breno Justen de Castro Moreira, Leonardo Rodrigues Cadorim and Edson Sardella

Physics 2025, 7(4), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/physics7040061 - 26 Nov 2025

Viewed by 505

Abstract

This study investigates the influence of inelastic electron–phonon collision time (${\tau }_{e-\mathrm{ph}}$) on the behavior of the resistive state of three-dimensional superconducting systems. Using the generalized time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau formalism, we model the interplay between vortex dynamics, energy dissipation, and [...] Read more.

This study investigates the influence of inelastic electron–phonon collision time (${\tau }_{e-\mathrm{ph}}$) on the behavior of the resistive state of three-dimensional superconducting systems. Using the generalized time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau formalism, we model the interplay between vortex dynamics, energy dissipation, and thermal effects across varying values of the dimensionless parameter $\gamma$ proportional to ${\tau }_{e-\mathrm{ph}}$ and different values of the Ginzburg–Landau parameter. The results show that larger values of $\gamma$ enhance the superconducting state by delaying the transition to the normal state, modulating critical currents, and altering differential resistance. An exponential relationship between the upper critical current and $\gamma$ is observed, indicating prolonged resistive states as the inelastic electron–phonon collision time becomes larger. Furthermore, the study investigates the maximum local peaks in the differential resistance curves, revealing their exponential decay with increasing $\gamma$. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Electromagnetic Modeling and Simulation for Multidisciplinary Engineering Systems)

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16 pages, 3515 KB  

Open AccessArticle

Research on a Degradation Identification Method for GIS UHF Partial Discharge Sensors Based on S-Parameters

by Tienan Cao, Yufei Cui, Haotian Tan, Wei Lu, Fuzeng Zhang, Kai Liu, Xiaoguo Chen and Lujia Wang

Sensors 2025, 25(22), 6860; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25226860 - 10 Nov 2025

Viewed by 595

Abstract

The ultra-high-frequency (UHF) detection method is highly accurate and has a fault localization function. At present, most gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) installations are equipped with online UHF monitoring devices to detect partial discharges. In order to ensure the accuracy of the detection results, UHF [...] Read more.

The ultra-high-frequency (UHF) detection method is highly accurate and has a fault localization function. At present, most gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) installations are equipped with online UHF monitoring devices to detect partial discharges. In order to ensure the accuracy of the detection results, UHF sensors need to be verified regularly. UHF sensors used for online monitoring are usually installed at the handhole of the GIS and cannot be removed. Measuring the laboratory verification indexes (e.g., equivalent height, dynamic range, etc.) of the sensors directly is very difficult. However, it is easier to measure S₁₁ of the sensor for verification and S₂₁ between it and the neighboring sensors by injecting power signals. Accordingly, this paper proposes a degradation identification method for GIS UHF sensors using a cross-comparison of S-parameters. When sensor sensitivity decreases, S₁₁ increases while S₂₁ decreases, both serving as effective indicators of performance degradation. In this study, the equivalent S-parameter network and the variation mechanisms of S₁₁ and S₂₁ during sensor verification were first analyzed. Normal and typically degraded sensor models were then constructed and coupled in different GIS structures for electromagnetic simulation. The simulation and on-site verification results show that S₁₁ is mainly affected by the sensor’s intrinsic performance and installation conditions at the inspection port, whereas S₂₁ is predominantly influenced by sensor performance and the propagation characteristics of the GIS structure. Through cross-comparison of S₁₁ and S₂₁ at corresponding positions across three phases, sensor aging or failure can be effectively identified, enabling rapid on-site verification without removing the sensors. The proposed method was successfully validated on actual GIS equipment at the China Southern Power Grid Research Institute. It exhibits high accuracy, efficiency, and strong engineering applicability, enabling the early detection of degraded sensors and providing valuable support for condition assessment and maintenance decision-making in GIS online monitoring systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Electromagnetic Modeling and Simulation for Multidisciplinary Engineering Systems)

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19 pages, 3357 KB  

Open AccessArticle

Research on Experimental Validation and Prevention Strategies for Pin Shaft Failure in Concrete Pump Trucks

by Wuhe Sun, Kai Cheng, Bowen Guan, Bin Wu and Erfei Zhao

Sensors 2025, 25(21), 6518; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25216518 - 22 Oct 2025

Viewed by 790

Abstract

This study focuses on the pin shaft failure accidents occurring during the construction of concrete pump trucks and hypothesizes that the accidents are caused by improper installation of the pin shaft mounting angle (defined as the angle between the oil passage axis and [...] Read more.

This study focuses on the pin shaft failure accidents occurring during the construction of concrete pump trucks and hypothesizes that the accidents are caused by improper installation of the pin shaft mounting angle (defined as the angle between the oil passage axis and the horizontal plane). First, the actual operating conditions were simplified to design an equivalent test, through which the stress distribution of the pin shaft under the 360° rotation condition was measured and understood. Then, simulation analysis was conducted to verify the stress concentration phenomenon under different pin shaft mounting angles. The results show that the pin shaft mounting angle at the accident site falls within the high-stress zone centered on the oil cylinder axis, verifying the hypothesis. In addition, the high-stress zone of the pin shaft does not change with the rotation angle of the pin shaft; it is only related to the position of the oil cylinder axis and distributed symmetrically around the oil cylinder axis. Therefore, to prevent the pin shaft failure accidents, the mounting angle of the pin shaft can be adjusted to keep it away from the high-stress zone near the oil cylinder axis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Electromagnetic Modeling and Simulation for Multidisciplinary Engineering Systems)

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13 pages, 1900 KB  

Open AccessArticle

Simulation-Based Design of a Silicon SPAD with Dead-Space-Aware Avalanche Region for Picosecond-Resolved Detection

by Meng-Jey Youh, Hsin-Liang Chen, Nen-Wen Pu, Mei-Lin Liu, Yu-Pin Chou, Wen-Ken Li and Yi-Ping Chou

Sensors 2025, 25(19), 6054; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25196054 - 2 Oct 2025

Viewed by 899

Abstract

This study presents a simulation-based design of a silicon single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) optimized for picosecond-resolved photon detection. Utilizing COMSOL Multiphysics, we implement a dead-space-aware impact ionization model to accurately capture history-dependent avalanche behavior. A guard ring structure and tailored doping profiles are [...] Read more.

This study presents a simulation-based design of a silicon single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) optimized for picosecond-resolved photon detection. Utilizing COMSOL Multiphysics, we implement a dead-space-aware impact ionization model to accurately capture history-dependent avalanche behavior. A guard ring structure and tailored doping profiles are introduced to improve electric field confinement and suppress edge breakdown. Simulation results show that the optimized device achieves a peak electric field of 7 × 10⁷ V/m, a stable gain slope of −0.414, and consistent avalanche triggering across bias voltages. Transient analysis further confirms sub-20 ps response time under −6.5 V bias, validated by a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of ~17.8 ps. Compared to conventional structures without guard rings, the proposed design exhibits enhanced breakdown localization, reduced gain sensitivity, and improved timing response. These results highlight the potential of the proposed SPAD for integration into next-generation quantum imaging, time-of-flight LiDAR, and high-speed optical communication systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Electromagnetic Modeling and Simulation for Multidisciplinary Engineering Systems)

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