Advanced GNSS and InSAR Technologies for Geoscience Applications

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

Accurately determining the three-dimensional coordinates and dynamic changes in the Earth's surface is a fundamental task in modern geodesy and Earth sciences. Over the past several decades, the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) have emerged as cornerstone space-geodetic techniques, revolutionizing our ability to observe the Earth system. GNSS provides high-precision, high-temporal-resolution measurements of discrete points, making it indispensable for monitoring plate tectonics, crustal deformation, and maintaining the global terrestrial reference frame. In parallel, InSAR offers unparalleled capabilities for mapping surface deformation over wide areas with high spatial resolution and all-weather coverage, proving particularly powerful for studying large-scale phenomena like volcanic activity, land subsidence, and glacial motion.

Nevertheless, each technique possesses inherent limitations. GNSS provides high-fidelity time series at discrete points but suffers from sparse spatial sampling. Conversely, InSAR captures spatially dense deformation fields but is limited by lower temporal resolution and susceptibility to significant atmospheric artifacts. This Topic is dedicated to showcasing the latest advancements in the theories, innovative algorithms, and novel applications of GNSS and InSAR, both individually and in combination. We welcome contributions that explore new data processing methods, as well as comprehensive studies focusing on the deep fusion of these techniques to enhance measurement accuracy and geophysical interpretation. We particularly encourage submissions addressing cross-disciplinary challenges in precise coordinate determination, atmospheric delay modeling, multi-scale deformation monitoring, and geological hazard assessment.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

• Novel theories, models, and algorithms for GNSS and InSAR data fusion.
• Advanced modeling and correction of atmospheric delays (tropospheric and ionospheric).
• Unification of geodetic reference frames and establishment of high-precision deformation datums.
• Time-series InSAR analysis constrained or integrated with GNSS data for improved deformation retrieval.
• Monitoring multi-scale surface deformation (e.g., tectonic motion, volcanic activity, land subsidence).
• Applications in monitoring and early warning of geological hazards (e.g., landslides, earthquakes, glacial dynamics).
• Opportunities and challenges presented by next-generation GNSS and SAR satellite constellations.
• Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and big data techniques in GNSS/InSAR data processing.

Dr. Guo Chen
Dr. Wei Tang
Dr. Ling Huang
Dr. Amir Allahvirdi-Zadeh
Topic Editors

Keywords

Participating Journals

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Geomatics geomatics	2.8	5.1	2021	22.6 Days	CHF 1200	Submit
Geosciences geosciences	2.1	5.1	2011	23.6 Days	CHF 1800	Submit
Remote Sensing remotesensing	4.1	8.6	2009	24.3 Days	CHF 2700	Submit
Sensors sensors	3.5	8.2	2001	17.8 Days	CHF 2600	Submit
Technologies technologies	3.6	8.5	2013	19.1 Days	CHF 1800	Submit

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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All Geomatics Geosciences Remote Sensing Sensors Technologies

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32 pages, 135570 KB  

Open AccessArticle

Sentinel-1 Consecutive Interferogram Stacking Approach (CISA) for High-Resolution and Near-Real-Time Ground Subsidence Mapping

by Sajid Hussain, Fei Liu, Bin Pan, Rui Xu, Zeeshan Afzal, Wajid Hussain, Yucheng Pan and Heping Li

Remote Sens. 2026, 18(10), 1486; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18101486 - 9 May 2026

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Abstract

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is crucial for monitoring ground displacement, particularly in Pakistan’s capital area, where urban expansion and active geotectonics converge. This study introduces the Consecutive Interferogram Stacking Approach (CISA), a processing framework optimized for near-real-time deformation monitoring using full-resolution Sentinel-1 [...] Read more.

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is crucial for monitoring ground displacement, particularly in Pakistan’s capital area, where urban expansion and active geotectonics converge. This study introduces the Consecutive Interferogram Stacking Approach (CISA), a processing framework optimized for near-real-time deformation monitoring using full-resolution Sentinel-1 data from adjacent acquisition pairs. Unlike conventional InSAR techniques that rely on spatial multilooking to suppress phase noise—which sacrifices spatial resolution for computational efficiency—CISA preserves native resolution through sequential interferogram stacking, accepting that short-interval interferograms retain geophysical phase instabilities (including fading signals) inherent to scatterer decorrelation. By minimizing temporal decorrelation through consecutive pairing, CISA enhances interferogram coherence (6–14% improvement) and reduces Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) by approximately 25% compared to conventional multilooked time series, while enabling the computational efficiency critical for operational applications. The framework’s incremental architecture allows velocity updates within hours of new image acquisition—requiring only single interferogram addition rather than complete network reprocessing—making it suitable for rapid-response hazard assessment where latency constraints outweigh the need for long-baseline phase filtering. CISA reveals spatiotemporal subsidence patterns potentially reflecting the influence of fault zone geometry, groundwater fluctuation, and urbanization, with full-resolution analysis delineating linear deformation patterns spatially consistent with blind fault traces through multi-directional displacement modeling. These findings demonstrate that operational monitoring of geohazards can be achieved through strategic trade-offs between processing latency and geophysical noise suppression, providing actionable intelligence for infrastructure risk management in tectonically active urban environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced GNSS and InSAR Technologies for Geoscience Applications)

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24 pages, 9702 KB  

Open AccessArticle

Geodetic Constraints on Segment-Scale Slip Rates and Interseismic Coupling Along the Havran–Balıkesir Fault Zone, NW Anatolia, Türkiye

by İbrahim Tiryakioğlu, Halil İbrahim Solak, Ali Özkan, Cemil Gezgin, Eda Esma Eyübagil, Ece Bengünaz Çakanşimşek Ünlükaya, Kayhan Aladoğan, Çağlar Özkaymak, Mehmet Ali Uğur, Hasan Hakan Yavaşoğlu, Cemal Özer Yiğit, Bahadır Aktuğ and Vahap Engin Gülal

Sensors 2026, 26(8), 2539; https://doi.org/10.3390/s26082539 - 20 Apr 2026

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Abstract

This study presents a new high-resolution GNSS-derived velocity field and the first internally consistent, segment-resolved block model for the Havran–Balıkesir Fault Zone (HBFZ) in western Anatolia. Inversion of the GNSS velocity field was performed using a dense network of 77 sites within a [...] Read more.

This study presents a new high-resolution GNSS-derived velocity field and the first internally consistent, segment-resolved block model for the Havran–Balıkesir Fault Zone (HBFZ) in western Anatolia. Inversion of the GNSS velocity field was performed using a dense network of 77 sites within a 3D elastic half-space framework to estimate fault slip rates and interseismic coupling. The results reveal that the HBFZ behaves as a kinematically heterogeneous fault system, with deformation systematically partitioned along strike. Block-modeling results indicate pronounced along-strike variations in interseismic coupling and slip-deficit accumulation. While the westernmost Havran segment is weakly coupled and accommodates limited accumulation, the Turplu and Gökçeyazı segments emerge as major strain-accumulation zones with high and laterally continuous slip-deficit rates. In particular, the Gökçeyazı segment exhibits slip-deficit rates of ~4–6 mm/yr and nearly two millennia of seismic quiescence, implying the potential for a future large-magnitude earthquake (Mw ~7.1–7.3). The strong agreement between GNSS-derived deformation patterns and independent geological and paleoseismological constraints suggests that this segment is currently in an advanced stage of the seismic cycle. These findings highlight the importance of segment-scale geodetic observations for seismic hazard assessment in northwestern Anatolia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced GNSS and InSAR Technologies for Geoscience Applications)

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