Research Advances in Animal Pathophysiology

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

Understanding the mechanisms and processes that lead to disease development (pathogenesis) is essential for interpreting its signs and arriving at appropriate diagnoses, prognoses, preventive measures, and treatments. Analyzing pathogenesis requires knowing how physiological processes are affected in the diseased animal and how this alteration is the basis for overcoming homeostatic capacity and the resulting morbid process. This Topic will accept papers that aim to increase knowledge about the functional alterations that occur in diseases and how these changes generate macroscopic and microscopic lesions and various signs. Studies conducted using experimental laboratory models and in domestic and wild animals will be accepted. Papers analyzing infectious, metabolic, nutritional, degenerative, neoplastic, and other diseases will also be included. In vitro trials and studies that do not clearly demonstrate that the study is based on the pathophysiology of the disease will not be accepted.

Dr. Claudio Gustavo Barbeito
Dr. José Manuel Verdes-García
Topic Editors

Keywords

Participating Journals

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Biology biology	4.3	7.3	2012	14.2 Days	CHF 2700	Submit
Poultry poultry	2.5	3.7	2022	21.2 Days	CHF 1200	Submit
Ruminants ruminants	2.0	2.9	2021	18.8 Days	CHF 1200	Submit
Veterinary Sciences vetsci	2.7	3.9	2014	16.3 Days	CHF 2100	Submit

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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All Biology Veterinary Sciences Poultry Ruminants

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Open AccessArticle

Degree of Inflammation in Surgically Obtained Intervertebral Disc Extrusions in a Population of 74 Dogs

by Iván Gómez Álvarez, José Manuel Verdes García and Luciano Espino López

Vet. Sci. 2026, 13(6), 586; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13060586 - 16 Jun 2026

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Abstract

Intervertebral disc disease remains the most common spinal pathology in dogs and is characterized by degeneration of the intervertebral disc, primarily through chondroid metaplasia of the nucleus pulposus. Current histological grading systems for disc degeneration do not include inflammation, despite its potential relevance [...] Read more.

Intervertebral disc disease remains the most common spinal pathology in dogs and is characterized by degeneration of the intervertebral disc, primarily through chondroid metaplasia of the nucleus pulposus. Current histological grading systems for disc degeneration do not include inflammation, despite its potential relevance in clinical presentation through extradural swelling and compression. In this retrospective study, surgically removed disc extrusion material from 74 dogs was histologically processed and evaluated using a semi-quantitative grading system for disc degeneration and inflammation. A high prevalence of chondroid metaplasia was observed, frequently accompanied by inflammatory infiltrates, hemorrhage, and necrosis. A significant positive correlation (correlation coefficient = 0.636, p < 0.001) was found between the degree of degeneration and the intensity of inflammation. Notably, thoracolumbar extrusions exhibited significantly higher inflammatory scores than cervical cases. In Dachshunds, more severe neurological deficits were associated with lower histological degeneration scores, indicating that neurological severity depends on multiple interacting factors that may differ between breeds. No significant associations were identified with age, sex, breed, body weight, neurological localization, or lesion severity in other groups. These findings suggest that inflammation is an active component in the pathophysiology of intervertebral disc disease. Incorporating inflammatory grading into histological grading systems could refine functional outcome predictions and guide therapeutic decisions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Research Advances in Animal Pathophysiology)

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20 pages, 6962 KB  

Open AccessArticle

The HIF-Mediated PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathway Is a Key Signaling Pathway Triggering Testicular Spermatogenic Disorders in Yaks with Cryptorchidism

by Dapeng Yang, Ligang Yuan, Haojun Sun, Jiman Wang, Yao Wang and Yubao Li

Vet. Sci. 2026, 13(5), 468; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13050468 - 12 May 2026

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Abstract

Cryptorchidism is one of the major reproductive diseases affecting testicular function in yaks. However, the mechanisms underlying its impact on testicular spermatogenesis remain unclear. In this study, high-throughput transcriptomics (RNA-seq) and proteomics technologies were employed to analyze the key signaling pathways involved in [...] Read more.

Cryptorchidism is one of the major reproductive diseases affecting testicular function in yaks. However, the mechanisms underlying its impact on testicular spermatogenesis remain unclear. In this study, high-throughput transcriptomics (RNA-seq) and proteomics technologies were employed to analyze the key signaling pathways involved in cryptorchidism-induced spermatogenic dysfunction in yak, and a mouse model was established for validation. The results indicate that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the testes of yak with cryptorchidism are primarily enriched in the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling pathway and the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Experimental results from the hypoxic mouse model indicate that the hypoxic environment remarkably raised HIF-1α content in the blood of mice while activating the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, accompanied by decreased testicular expression of the cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) claudin 2, claudin 3, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin. Cell culture experiments showed that cell adhesion molecule expression was significantly downregulated when HIF-1α and PI3K expression were inhibited among mouse Sertoli cells, indicating that the HIF-1α/PI3K-AKT signaling pathway regulated cell adhesion molecule expression among mouse testes. Decreased CAMs directly affect tight junctions and the adhesion of spermatogenic and Sertoli cells, thus affecting sperm production and potentially also testis development. This study provides data to support research on the regulatory mechanisms involved in reproductive function and hypoxia adaptation in male animals in a low-oxygen environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Research Advances in Animal Pathophysiology)

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